38 THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 
bly work into sugar. This season was a disappointment at Chino, where the expected 
crop was considerably curtailed by drouth. At Lehi, on the other hand, too many 
beets were grown—the factory could hardly work them all. We are under obligations 
to Willett & Gray for the following. 
SUMMARY OF BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: 
[In tons of 2240 pounds.) 
1830, A few hundred pounds 1884, 953 tons 
1831-7, None 1885, 600 tons 
1838-9, 1,300 Ibs 1886, 800 tons 
1839 62, None 1887, 255 tons 
1863-71, 300—500 tons per annum 1888, 1,910 tons 
1872, 500 tons 1889, 2,600 tons 
1873, 700 tons 1890, 2,800 tons 
1874-7, Under 100 tons per annum 189), 5,359 tons 
1878, 200 tons 1892, 12,091 tons 
1879, 1,200 tons 1893, 20,453 tons 
1880, 500 tons 1894, 20,443 tons 
1881-2, Less than 500 tons 1895, 30,000 tons 
1883, 535 tons 1896, 40,000 tons 
WHAT OF THE FUTURE ? 
Wherever factories have been established. farmers are now eager to raise beets 
for them at $4 to $5 per ton. Offers have been made to grow beets for the older fac- 
tories in 1897 far in excess of their capacity. Watsonville could not accept half the 
acreage offered. In such cases, the factories contract only with those growers who 
have shown the most interest and the ability to furnish beets of the best quality. 
Mr Spreckels has under construction at Salinas City, California, what is destined 
to be the largest single beet sugar factory in the world, with a capacity of over 
300, 000 tons of beets during a campaign of about i00 days, that will be ready for the 
1898 crop, and wili require 25,000 acres of beets for its supply. At Alamitos, Califor- 
nia, a new factory will be ready for 1897 with a capacity of 350 tons of beets per day. 
The first New York Beet Sugar company hopes to have the machinery from the plant 
at Farnham in operation at Rome, New York, in time to handle 30,000 tons of the 
1897 crop. 
Several of the existing factories propuse to enlarge. There are a number of other 
factory enterprises that are more or less organized. About 1000 communities in the 
cane and beet sugar belts are anxious to secure beet-sugar factories or cane-sugar 
houses. There is no question about the prompt and extensive development of the 
industry, if congress extends to it satisfactory assurances that the American market 
will be preserved for the American sugar producers. Without this, the business will 
stop right where it is. 
ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES. 
Before proceeding to give details of just how the foregoing has been accomplished 
and a full discussion of what has been learned from all past experience that may 
guide us in the future, a few elementary points shouid be understood. 
TECHNICAL TERMS EXPLAINED. 
Prof W. A. Henry covers this point very clearly in these words: What is meant 
by ‘‘per cent of sugar in the juice’’ and by co-efficient of purity? A hundred pounds 
of sugar beets contain about 95 pounds of juice. This juice not only contains sugar 
