6 THE SUGAR INDUSTKY. 
Thus the beet has gained twice as fast as the cane. The beet-root sugar grown in 
the temperate regions of Europe, and even as far north as cold Sweden, has, with the 
aid of the chemist and of the skilled manufacturer, overtaken and surpassed the cane 
of the tropics. The development has not been even, but its enormous proportions are 
manifest from this comparison : 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY IN EUROPE. 
Production (tons of 2240 pounds) 1884 1894 Gain per cent. 
Austria-Hungary, 653,000 1,050,000 GL 
Germany, 1,147,000 1,800,000 57 
France, 303,000 814,000 163 
Belgium, 116,000 230,000 99 
Holland, 48,000 90,000 838 
Russia, 406,000 600,000 48 
Other European countries, 18,000 108,000 500 
Total European sugar production (beet), 2,691,000 4,792,000 18 
WHAT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
Now, while these countries have been getting rich by growing sugar for the 
American market, our domestic sugar industry has been languishing, except for a 
brief spurt under the McKinley law, which was not in operation long enough for its 
influence to be fully exerted in the development of the American sugar industry. 
Here is a table which brings out the facts on these latter points: 
Table C.—THE SUGAR TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
The figures for domestic production are from Willett & Gray’s Sugar Statistical, the acknowledged 
authority, and were especially compiled by them for this work. The domestic crop each year is manu- 
factured into sugar between August and February of the succeeding year. Hence, the figures are for 
the crop grown in the first year named in the first column, while the imports are for the fiscal year 
ended the June 30 following. Adding the domestic production and imports gives the total supply of 
sugar, from which the consumption per capita is estimated. The wholesale value of imported sugar is 
given as reported by the United States treasury department, whose official figures of quantities of 
imports are also used. The average value per pound of “ fair refining” sugar each year is given in the 
last column. This, multiplied by the pounds of domestic sugar produced, gives the estimated whole- 
sale value of the American product, though the figures are probably too high. This, added to the value 
of imported sugar, gives the total wholesale value of the sugar consumed in the United States each 
year. 
(In long tons of 2240 pounds, as used in the sugar trade.] 
Fiseal U.S. Con- 
Years. Domestic Production. Imports. Total. sumption. Wholesale Value. Value. 
July ito Cane. Beet. Total. Foreign sugar, Supply. Per capita. Imp. Dom. Total. Average, 
June 30. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Pounds. Million dollars. Dollars. Per lb. 
1880-81 92,802 500 93,302 869,082 962,384 44 83.4 15.8 $99,200,000 5S 
1881-82 127,367 500 127,867 888,416 1,016,283 48 84.4 21.8 106,200,000 7.62 
1882-83 76,373 500 76,873 954,216 1,031,189 51 84.3 12.5 96,800,000 7.25 
1883-84 142,297 535 142,832 1,280,543 1,373,375 51 98.3 21.5 119,800,000 6.76 
1884-85 135,243 953 136,196 1,213,341 1,349,537 52 72.6 16.1 88,700,000 5.27 
1885-86 100,876 600 101,476 1,200,840 1,302,316 53 80.8 11.4 92,200,000 5.02 
1886-87 135,158 800 135,958 1,400,108 1,536,066 78.5 14.9 93,400,000 4.88 
1887-88 85,39: 255 85,649 1,205,484 1,291,133 57 74.3 9.0 83,300,000 4.70 
1888-89 167,814 1,910 169,724 1,233,122 1,402,846 53 88.6 19.2 107,800,000 5.05 
1889-90 153,909 2,600 156,509 1,309,822 1,466,331 53 96.2 20.1 116,300,000 5.73 
1890-91 3 2,800 139,303 1,555,123 1,694,426 95.1 15.7 110,800,000 5.01 
1891-92 221,951 5,359 227,310 1,587,728 1,815,038 64 104.1 17.2 121,300,000 3.37 
1892-93 165,437 12,091 177,528 1,486,656 1,664,184 64 116.2 11.2 127,400,000 2.81 
1893-94 235,886 20,453 256,339 1,939,818 2,196,157 67 126.7 18.4 135,100,000 3.20 
1894-95 271,336 20,443 291,889 1,595,808 1,887,697 64 75.0 16.9 91,900,000 2.60 
1895-96 324,506 30,000 354,506 1,739,313 2,093,819 63 89.2 23.2 102,400,000 2.92 
1896-97 243,220 40,000 283,220 ? 20.0 3.16 
Totals, 2,816,072 140,299 2,956,481 21,409,520 25,182,649 1447.7 284.9: 1,692,600,000 
It appears from this table that in the sixteen years, 1880 to 1895 inclusive, the 
United States produced 2,673,000 long tons of sugar, or just about one-tenth of the 
