108 THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 
spoiling entirely. Whether this can be guarded against sufficiently to make the drying 
process practical remains to beseen. Should it prove to be feasible, it is possible that 
such evaporated or desiccated beets might be kept to supply the factories when their 
original stock of beets was exhausted. In the absence of larger tests of this necessity, 
it is useless to speculate about it, and the expense of cutting and drying the beets 
seems to be an almost insurmountable obstacle. 
FEEDING AND STORING BEET PULP, TOPS AND MOLASSES, 
The pulp from the beets after the sugar is extracted, makes an admirable feed for 
all stock—horses, cattle, sheep, swine and poultry. Yet its value for this purpose is 
only beginning to be appreciated in this country, though in Europe the farmers would 
no more think of allowing beet pulp to go to waste than our farmers would think of 
curing hay for fuel. At the Utah factory, a feeding company has contracted for all 
the pulp for a series of years, and have erected adjacent to the factory (so as to save 
all hauling and handling possible) a complete system of sheds and feeding pens. Two 
thousand head of cattle are fattened here each season for market. They eat the pulp 
greedily, consuming from 100 to 125 lbs per head each day, besides about 15 lbs 
of hay. These cattle command a very good market, the meat being very juicy and 
tender. The cattle fatten quickly under proper conditions and as the company gets 
the pomace or pulp for nothing, except the cost of removing it from the factory, the 
enterprise is a profitable one. The past season over 1000 sheep were fattened here on 
pulp. At Watsonville, 1700 cattle were fed at the creamery silo, and beets that fall 
from the wagons there are also used as stock feed, whereas it was formerly neces- 
sary to dump the pulp in the ocean to get rid of it. Dairymen pay 15¢ per ton for 
having the pulp loaded on cars at factory, and 50c to $1 per ton freight, so that it 
costs them 75c to $1.15 per ton, besides hauiing from local depot to farm; at these 
terms, they consider it the cheapest and best feed. 
The feeding value of beet pomace depends mainly upon the quantities of protein 
(nitrogenous matter), sugar, starch, fiber and fat it contains, and upon the propor- 
tion of these ingredients that are digestible. The California experiment station’s 
analysis of beet pulp may be compared as follows with ensilage of corn fodder and 
green clover: 
TOTAL ELEMENTS OF ANIMAL FOOD IN 100 LBS. AMOUNT OF FOOD DIGESTIBLE ELEMENTS IN 100 LBS 
Beet Clover Corn Beet Clover Corn 
pulp silage silage pulp silage silage 
Protein, lbs, 2c, 13 2.0 14 
Water, lbs, 90.0 72.0 70.6 | Fat or oil, lbs, 2e, 0.4 1.0 0.6 
Ash, lbs, 0.3 2.6 2.6 | Fiber, lbs, 1c, 2.5 44 6.5 
Protein, lbs, 15 4.2 2.7 | Sugar, starch, ete, le, 4.2 9.2 5.6 
Fat or oil, 0.4 1.2 0.7 Feeding value per ton*, $2.02 $3.92 $3.22 
Fiber, lbs, 31 8.4 9.7 *Based on 2c per lb for digestible protein and fat 
and 1c for the other nutrients, on which basis the 
Sugar, starch, ete, 4.7 11.6 13.7 | theoretical feeding value of wheat grain figures 
$17.50 per ton, corn meal $17, potatoes $3,beets 74¢, 
aes ar eae, mangels $1.52, turnips $2.75, rutabagas $12 and car- 
Total, 100.0 100.0 100.0 rots $1.82 per ton. 
The protein contains 16 % of actual nitrogen, and the ash is richin potash and phosphoric acid, as 
also lime and magnesia. These ingredients are got back in the solid and liquid manure of the stock 
that consumes the pulp, so that it has an important manurial value. Indeed, in this way, one can re- 
turn to the soil much that the crop took from it. 
It appears that beet pomace that is nine-tenths water is yet worth for stock feed 
fully half as much as corn silage only 70 per cent water. If the water was dried out 
