110 THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 
mass. The reason for this is, that if much air is present, fermentation will be car- 
ried on to such an extent as to spoil a considerable portion of the food. In the case 
of beet pulp, we do not have to contend with any of the inconveniences just noted. 
The pulp as it comes from the diffuser in the sugar factory is in the best possible con- 
dition for siloing. It is wet, the pieces are exceedingly small and the mass is quite 
homogeneous. Hence, when placed in the silo it packs itself and fills up every avail- 
able space, without any intervention on the part of the fillers—a behavior that is very 
different from that of any other food. For this feedstuff, then, a shallow rectangular 
or square silo would answer the purpose equally as well as a deep, round one—the 
style found to yield the best results when corn or clover is siloed. The deeper the 
silo the greater the pressure, and, therefore, theless air remaining in the silo; the 
circular shape is adopted so as to do away with corners. It is thus obvious that the 
expense attending the construction of the silo for beet pulp would be much less than 
where other fodders are used. In regard to the covering of the material while silo- 
ing, the beet pulp has the advantage over corn and ciover in that it covers itself, 
forming a seal, which thoroughly excludes the air. Another point which must not 
be lost sight of is, that when the beet pulp silage is fed, the portions can be removed 
much easier and with more facility than is the case where we are dealing with corn, 
etc. Wherever beet pulp silage has been tried it has met with the best of success, as 
the animals greatly relish it.’’ 
The beet tops and waste beets comprise a considerable tonnage where several 
acres of beets are raised. This material is also excellent for all stocks, imparting a 
rare flavor and color to beef or pork, beside making rapid gains in live weight. Feed- 
ers about Watsonville are especially enthusiastic over the feeding value of this beet 
top waste for hogs as weli as cattle and milch cows. Similar reports come from Utah 
and Nebraska, thus fully confirming European experience. These tops will not keep 
so long as the pulp will, and the sooner they are consumed the better. The tops 
(leaves), with the neck or upper part of beet that is cut off, constitute about 15 or 20 
per cent at least of the gross weight of the crop, so that a yield of 15 gross tons per 
acre would give about twelve tons of dressed beets and three tons of tops. Many 
European feeders consider this fodder worth as much as the best hay, pound for 
pound. 
Mr Ware says in a recent issue of The Sugar Beet, speaking of Germany: ‘‘A fac- 
tory working 40,000 tons of beets per campaign has 22,000 tons of residuum pulp which, 
when dried, weighs 2750 tons, the cost of drying being $5 per ton, or a total of $13,- 
750. The product found a ready sale for $17,200, leaving a protit of $3450. Owing to 
the low market price of molasses, this residuum was mixed with the cossettes during 
their drying. One hundred pounds of fresh cossettes can absorb 6 lbs of molasses, 
the product after drying weighing only 15 to 18 lbs. The money value of beet tops 
and leaves has been determined by analyzing them, and allowing that carbohydrates 
have a recognized market value. According to all calculations made they should not 
be sold for less than $1.60 per ton when considered collectively. ’’ 
The molasses residue from beet-sugar factories has not been much fed in this 
country. In Europe, however, it has been generally used for this purpose, about one- 
fourth of the product of many German factories being fed. The great difficulty has 
