CONTENTS xiii 



CHAPTER XVIII 



Phylum XII. Cycadophyta: Cycads 



Page 

 General Characters. " Seed-ferns." Common Cycads. 

 " Flowering Plant Ancestors." Conifer Ancestors. 



Maidenhair Trees. Joint-firs . . . 271 



CHAPTER XIX 



Phylum XIII. Strobilophyta : CoNirBRS 



General Characters. Taxodiums. Old Pines. Modern Pines, 



Genera of Modern Pines. Cypresses. Junipers. Yews. 277 



CHAPTER XX 



Phylum XIV. Anthophyta: Flowehinq Plants 



General Characters. Typical Flower; Buttercup; Water 

 Plantain; Strawberry. Two Classes. Monocotyledons; 

 Lilies; Calla Lilies; Palms; Grasses; Amaryllises; Orchids. 

 Dicotyledons; Axis Flowers, Magnolia, Mallow, Gera- 

 nium, Violet, Mustard, Pink, Primrose, Phlox, Petunia, 

 Snapdragon, Sage; Cup Flowers, Spiraea, Rose, Apple, 

 Plum, Pea, Currant, Evening Primrose, Prickly Pear, 

 Walnut, Oak, Parsnip, Honeysuckle, Sunflower, Dande- 

 lion. Summary of Anthophyta; Evolution; Progressive 

 Development through the Phyla 284 



CHAPTER XXI 



Some Special Adaptations 



Plant Body; Thorns; Storage Organs; Mesophytes; Xero- 

 phytes; Hydrophytes; Parasites. The Flower; Anemo- 

 philous; EntomophUous; Colors and Odors; Nectar; 

 Actinomorphic; Zygomorphic; Proterogynous; Proteran- 

 drous; Dimorphic; Parthenogenesis. Seed Distribution. 319 



