xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XIII 



Phylum VII. Cabpomtcbtbae : Higher Fungi 



Page 

 General Characters. Reproduction. Three Classes. Ascus 

 Fungi; Disk Lichens; Cup Fungi; Morels; Slit-Fungi; 

 Closed Fungi; Mildews; Yeast-plants; Truffles. Basid- 

 ium Fungi; False Tubers; Puff-balls; Bird-nest Fungi; 

 Stink-horns; Toadstools. Brand Fungi; Rusts, Heter- 

 oecism, Wheat Rust, Sexual Reproduction; Smuts, Corn 

 Smut, Wheat Smut, Bunt. Imperfect Fungi; Spot- 

 Fungi; Black-dot Fungi; Molds 211 



CHAPTER XIV 



Phylum VIII. Bryophyta: Mossworts 



General Characters. Life Cycle. Two Classes. Liverworts; 

 Riccia; Hornworts; Great Liverwort; Scale-Mosses. 

 Mosses; Reproduction; Protonema; Black Mosses; Peat 

 Mosses; True Mosses 242 



CHAPTER XV 



Phylum IX. Pteridophyta: Ferns 



General Characters. Life Cycle. Two classes. Old-fash- 

 ioned Ferns; Adder Tongues; Marattias; Quillworts. 

 Modern Ferns; Land Ferns; Water Ferns 254 



CHAPTER XVI 



Phylum X. Calamophyta: Calamites 



General Characters. Wedge-leaved Calamites. Horsetails. 

 Old Calamites . ... 261 



CHAPTER XVII 

 Phylum XI. Lepidophyta: Lycopods 



General Characters. Two Classes. Lower Lycopods; Ground 



Pines, Club Mosses; Selaginellas; Lepidodendrids . . 266 



