148 



THE CHEMISTRY OF THE PLANT 



Glucosides. 



Amygdalin 

 C20H27NOH 



Solanin 



C23H47NOU 



Saponin 



O32H62O17 

 Coniferin 



C16H22O8 



alkalies and in the form of 

 monosaccharids produced on 

 hydrolysis. We can distin- 

 guish the celluloses proper (in- 

 soluble in weak acids and 

 alkalies, but soluble in am- 

 moniacal copper oxide solution 

 and hydrolyzing with diffi- 

 culty) and the hemi-celluloses 

 (reserve celluloses are of this 

 type), pectoses, etc., with all 

 gradations to the plant gums 

 which are pectic in nature and 

 soluble in water. 

 These are compounds of glu- 

 cose with various other, often 

 not closely related, substances 

 from which the glucose is set 

 free by the action of enzymes 

 or acids. The most important 

 are: 



This occurs in the leaves, bark 

 and kernels of peach, bitter al- 

 mond, cherry, etc. Under the 

 influence of the enzyme emul- 

 sin it breaks up into d-glu- 

 cose, oil of bitter almonds 

 (CeHs-CHO) and hydrocy- 

 anic acid (HCN). 

 In green portions and seeds of 

 the potato and other Solana- 

 ceae. 



In soap bark (Sapindus) and 

 many other plants. 

 In young wood of Conifers 

 (see below under hadromal for 

 discussion). 



