HIGHER GROUPS 159 



207. For our own convenience we group similar species 

 into genera. Thus we group all the species of oaks into 

 one genus Quercus, the old Latin name for all the Oaks, 

 and in like manner all the Elms are grouped under Ulmus, 

 the Latin name for the Elms. So we have Quercus alba, 

 Quercus rubra, Quercus nigra, etc., and Ulmus americana, 

 Ulmus fulva, Ulmus racemosa, etc., in all of which cases 

 the first name is that of the genus, and the second that of 

 the species and these constitute the names of these plants. 

 The name of the plant comes thus from its classification. 



Higher Groups 



208. For further convenience all genera are gathered 

 into their appropriate families, all families into orders, all 

 orders into classes, and finally all classes into phyla. 

 Lastly all the kinds of plants in the world are said to con- 

 stitute the Vegetable Kingdom. 



We may arrange these as follows: 

 Species consist of individual plants 

 Genera are composed of species 

 Families are collections of genera 

 Orders are collections of families 

 Classes are collections of orders 

 Phyla are collections of classes 



The vegetable kingdom is a collection 

 of phyla. 

 From this it follows that: 



Every plant belongs to some species 

 Every species to some genus 

 Every genus to some family 

 Every family to some order 

 Every order to some class 

 Every class to some phylum 



All phyla to the Vegetable Kingdom. 



