318 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA 



Anthophyta, developed microsporophylls into stamens, 

 — reduced the sperms to non-ciliated cells, 

 — developed megasporophylls into pistils, 

 — developed a proper perianth, 

 — perfected fibrovascular bundles, 



arranging them in a cylinder, 

 — perfected the thickening of the stem, 



by fibrovascular and interfascicular cambium. 



LITERATURE OP ANTHOPHYTA 



J. M. Coulter and C. J. Chamberlain, Morphology of 



Angiospefms, New York, 1903. 

 N. L. Beitton and Addison Brown, Illustrated Flora of the 



Northern States and Canada, Second Edition, New York, 



1913. 

 N. L. Bbitton, Manual of the Flora of the Northern States 



and Canada, Second Edition, New York, 1905. 

 B. L. Robinson and M. L. Fernald, Gray's New Manual of 



Botany, New York, 1908. 

 J. K. Small, Flora of the Southeastern United States, Second 



Edition, New York, 1913. 

 J. M. Coulter and Aven Nelson, New Manual of Botany 



of the Central Rocky Mountains, New York, 1909. 

 F. E. and E. S. Clements, Rocky Mountain Flowers, New 



York, 1914. 

 T. C. Frye and G. B. Rigg, Northwest Flora, Seattle, 1912. 

 L. R. Abrams, Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity, Stanford 



University, 1911. 



