CARPOMYCETEAE 345 



Family 110. Sclerodermataceae. Spore-fruits round, 

 often stalked. — Scleroderma. 



Family 111. Podaxaceae. Spore-fruit pyriform or 



clavate, stalked. — Secotium, Podaxon. 



Order Lycoperdales. Puff-balls. Spore-fruits large, 



fleshy, at first subterranean, later 



emerging — Saprophytes. 



Family 112. Lycoperdaceae. Sessile or short-stalked. 

 — Lycoperdon, Bovista, Geaster. 



Family 113. Tylostomataceae. Long-stalked. — Tylo- 

 stoma, Battarea. 

 Order Nidulaeiales. Bird-nest Fungi. Spore-fruits 

 small, spherical or top-shaped, leath- 

 ery, containing one or more peridioles. 

 Saprophytes. 



Family 114. Nidulariaceae. With several peridioles. 

 — Nidularia, Crucibulum, Cyathus. 



Family 115. Sphaerobolaceae. With but one peridiole. 

 — Sphaerobolus. 

 Order Phallales. Stink-Horns. Spore-fruits large, 

 fleshy, at first tuberous and subter- 

 ranean, later stalked and emerging. 

 Saprophytes. 



Family 116. Phallaceae. Stalk cylindrical, capped 

 with spore-mass. — Mutinus, Ithyphal- 

 lus, Dictyophora. 



Family 117, Clathraceae. Stalk ovoid and reticu- 

 lated, or branched. — Simblum, Clath- 

 rus, Aseroe. 

 Order Agaricales. Toadstool Fungi. Spore-fruits large, 

 umbrella-shaped, bracket-shaped or 

 variously branched; hymenium even- 

 tually external. — Saprophytes and 

 parasites. 



Family 118. Agaricaceae. Agarics or Toadstools; 

 typically umbrella - shaped, usually 

 fleshy; hymenium on gills. — Cop- 

 rinus, Russula, Psalliota, Agaricus, 

 Amanita. 



Family 119. Polyporaceae. Polypores : from umbrel- 

 la-shaped to bracket-shaped, fleshy to 



