6m The Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18. 
From the records, this species is very widely distributed, but is characteristic 
of cold waters. The Arctic specimens do not have the same shape as those 
from the Pacific coast of America, for instance, and it may be that more than 
one species has been included by various writers under this specific name. 
Tholosina vesicularis (H. B. Brady.) 
Placopsilina vesicularis H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci. vol. 19, 1879, 
p. 51, pl. 5, fig. 2, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 316, 
pl..35, figs. 18, 19.—Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. vol, 
31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 47. 
Tholosina vesicularis Rhumbler, Arch. Prot., vol. 3, 1903, p. 227, fig. 53 (in text). 
Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 
1911, p. 8—Cushman, Bull. 104, U.S. Nat. Mus. pt. 1, 1918, p. 65. 
A single incomplete specimen attached to a fragment of worm tube was 
obtained from station 20 b-c. It has the characteristic mosaic appearance on 
the exterior, due to the rather evenly distributed dark and light sand grains 
and the still lighter cement, the surfaces evenly placed so that the whole exterior 
is comparatively smooth. 
T. vesicularis is a characteristic species of northern latitudes and cold waters. 
Awerinzew records it from 35-42 meters in the Siberian Arctic, and Kiaer from 
the Arctic, near King Oscar’s land and Greenland. I have found it abundant 
in the cold water off the New England coast, and it is common in cold waters of 
the Shetland-Faroe channel, according to Heron-Allen and Earland. 
Ammobaculites cassis (Parker.) 
(Plate I, figure 3.) 
Lituola cassis Parker, in Dawson, Canad. Nat., vol. 5, 1870, pp. 117, 180, fig. 3. 
Haplophragmium cassis B. H. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 
1884, p. 304, pl. 33, figs. 17-19.—Goés, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., 
vol. 25, No. 9, 1894, p. 24, pl. 5, figs. 152-157.—-Flint, Ann. Rep. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 275, pl. 19, fig. 4.—Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. 
St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 20. 
A rather broad form of this species occurred at station 20 b-c. The material 
of the test is made up of rather coarse quartz grains, smoothly cemented with a 
reddish brown cement, making a neat and even surface. Occasional sponge 
spicules are included in the test. 
The species seems to be characteristic of cold shallow water of Arctic and 
subarctic regions. It was described by Parker from Gaspé bay, at the mouth 
of the St. Lawrence, in 16 fathoms. Brady records it from Lievely harbour, 
Disko, Greenland, in 5-20 fathoms, and from Deva bay, Spitzbergen, in 7 fathoms. 
Flint records it from Portland, Maine, in 4-5 fathoms. Kiaer records it off 
Nova Zembla, at a depth of 15 fathoms, and Awerinzew from the Siberian 
Arctic, north of the New Siberian islands, at a depth of 38 meters. 
Haplophragmoides canariensis d’Orbigny. 
Specimens referred to this species were obtained at stations 23 and 48a. 
They are not typical. So many forms have been included under this name that 
the original characters, described by d’Orbigny, have nearly been lost sight of, 
and the name has come to stand for a varied assemblage of things. Under this 
name Awerinzew records specimens from several Siberian Arctic localities, but 
gives no figures or description. Further research may show that there is a 
characteristic Arctic species, which has been included under this name. 
