32 CLEAN MILK 



from cows with garget are digestive — as vomiting and diarrhea, 

 with prostration. Also severe sore throat (resembling follicular 

 tonsillitis or diphtheria) and a condition simulating scarlet fever 

 are seen. Garget is more common before or after calving and is 

 discovered through the altered character of the milk and the appear- 

 ance of flakes or small lumps in the milk, or stringy, bloody or thick 

 milk, upon the cheese-cloth strainer covering the milk pail; by- 

 the occurrence of tenderness and lumpiness and swelling of the 

 udder, and by the presence of the germs (noted above) in the 

 milk (see p. 31). Milk from cows with garget — even when only 

 one quarter of the udder is lumpy — is unfit for human consumption- 

 By boiling such milk for 10 minutes it may be safely fed to animals. 

 In the case of tuberculosis of the udder there is also hardening 

 and enlargement of the udder — either affecting the whole udder 

 or not uncommonly one of the rear quarters of the udder. En- 

 largement of the glands above and behind the udder (retromam- 

 mary) is frequently the first sign. The milk secretion lessens,, 

 the color and consistency changes to a yellowish or reddish, thin 

 fluid, with flakes of larger size than usual, and on standing there- 

 is a deposit of thick substance with watery fluid above. Fin- 

 ally, in advanced cases, the secretion is thick and yellowish frorrr 

 pus and contains curds, has an alkaline reaction, and is wanting- 

 in milk sugar. Tuberculous disease of the udder generally follows 

 tuberculosis in other parts of the body (for method of finding the 

 germs of tuberculosis in milk, see pp. 37, 276). 



The most marked chemical changes in milk from cows with, 

 mastitis- or udder tuberculosis consist in diminished content of milk 

 sugar and increase in albumin and globulin from the contamination, 

 of milk with serum, blood and pus. 



The milk from such cows may communicate the inflammation, 

 of the udder to other cows in the same barn by means of germs 

 carried by the milker's hands. Therefore cows with caked or in- 

 flamed udders should be kept apart and milked by one not milking: 



