84 CLEAN MILK 



the lungs and skin of a cow. The doors leading outdoors should!. 

 be double. There must be no leakage of air in or out anywhere, 

 except through the ventilating system — even hay chutes must be 

 closed, and no escape of air into the loft be permitted. It is not 

 possible to state just how many intake flues there should be, but 

 it is better to have them numerous on each side of the barn (6 feet 

 apart), as they can easily be closed if necessary. 



It is feasible to sustain a pretty even temperature in a tightly 

 built stable properly ventilated — somewhere between 55" and 6o u F. 

 in cold weather. If the air is too hot, the out-take flues are not 

 sufficient; if too much cold air rushes in, the intakes should be closed 

 to some extent, as there should be no considerable drafts when the 

 system is working properly. The intake flues are commonly built 

 in the walls of the barn, and the out-take flues may also be so con- 

 structed, in which case they are made of two layers of tight board- 

 ing .with roofing paper between. 



Metal flues are not so advisable in cold climates as wooden 

 ones, because moisture condenses more readily in them. The fol- 

 lowing sketches of some barns ventilated by the King system are 

 taken from King's " Physics of Agriculture," to which the author 

 Avishes to acknowledge his indebtedness for some of the matter con- 

 cerning ventilation presented above. Old stables can be remodeled 

 with concrete floors, and later the ventilating system, with stuffed 

 walls and tight ceilings, doors and windows, may be added. 



Sketch A shows two methods of ventilating a dairy barn. On 

 the right (Fig. 1) the ventilating flue D F rises straight from the 

 floor, passing out through the roof and rising above the ridge. 

 One, two or three of these would be used according to number of 

 cattle. The flues should'be at one or the other side of the cupola 

 rather than behind it. On the left C E represents how a hay chute 

 may be used also for ventilating flue. In each of these cases the 

 ventilating flue would take the place of one cow. This method 

 "would give the best ventilation, but has the objection of occupying: 



