HANDLING OF MILK AND CREAM 127 



nearly square and the capacity was about 250 quart bottles. There 

 was a movable sheet of galvanized iron, partitioning the sterilizer 

 in two, and movable shelves of the same, perforated with holes, in 

 which the bottles rested upside down on . their shoulders. The 

 shelves stretched horizontally across the sterilizer, from each side 

 to the partition in the centre, resting on galvanized angle irons 

 soldered along both sides and on each side of the partition in the 

 centre. The shelves were just far enough apart to give room for a 

 tier of bottles. Shelves and partition were removed to allow of 

 room for sterilizing the milk pails, cooler, bottle filler and strainer, 

 cheesecloths, and tanks supplying and receiving milk from cooler, 

 etc. The sterilizer was fed from a ten horse power boiler with 

 steam from below, and also had an exit or exhaust in the bottom, 

 while at the top there was a hole in which was a cork holding a 

 thermometer in place, with bulb inside and recording part outside of 

 sterilizer. The doors were not steam-tight, and no pressure of 

 steam was attempted or possible in the sterilizer, but the tempera- 

 ture was raised 2i2°'in about twenty minutes, and maintained for 

 the time — one hour — occupied by sterilization. 



A very successful sterilizer has recently been made by my 

 friend, Hon. W. H. Paulhamus, of Sumner, Wash., entirely of con- 

 crete faced with cement, and costing about $75.00. It is a rectangu- 

 lar chamber 6 J / Z feet high by 8 feet wide and about 14 feet long 

 and 6 inches thick, with one iron door. In the top, iron bars were 

 used to reinforce the concrete. Two half-inch pipes enter one side 

 of the chamber just above the floor for intake of steam from a 

 twenty-five horse power boiler, and, at the top, there is a single 

 pipe for outlet of steam when sterilization is over to cool off the 

 oven, and one to drain the floor. In the middle of one side there is 

 also a pipe inserted, large enough to hold a thermometer. This 

 sterilizer will hold 100 dozen bottles and every bit of dairy appar- 

 atus used on four farms, including the milk pails and milk cans, 

 coolers, and bottle filling apparatus, strainer cloths, etc. If one 



