PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION 159 



less than two cents in large and well conducted creameries. In 

 calculating the amount of butter which can be made from a given 

 amount of butterfat we add one-seventh to butterfat in milk and 

 one-sixth to butterfat in cream. The butterfat in cream makes a 

 larger amount of butter, because there is not the loss of fat in 

 skim milk. With butter wholesale at 22 to 40 cents a pound, and 

 subtracting 4 cents for making, the butter would net the farmer 

 $20.52 to $45.60 for his 290 gallons of milk. 



Cream is often bought in cities by ice cream and cream dealers 

 at a rate of 2 cents (more or less) above the value of the cream 

 for butter ; that is, if butter was 22 cents the cream would be bought 

 at a valuation of butter at 24 cents; 326 pounds of 30 per cent, 

 cream equals about 40 gallons (a gallon of 30 per cent, cream 

 weighs nearly 8 pounds actually; if free from much air or gas, 

 8.3 pounds) this, making 114 pounds of butter valued at 24 cents 

 to 42, 2 cents above current butter price, would give $27.36 to 

 $47.88 as the price for 290 gallons of milk in form of cream. In 

 either case the farmer has the skim milk to feed, which may be 

 roughly valued at 35 cents per 100 pounds for feeding, and 11 

 cents additional (in passing through the calves) for fertilizer; 

 2,125 pounds of skim milk at 46 cents per 100 pounds equals 

 $9.77; 290 gallons of ordinary market milk may bring the farmer 

 12 to 19 cents a gallon net if sold for city consumption, equals 

 $34.80 to $55.10. 



For clean, pure 30 per cent, cream, bottled at the farm, as 

 much as $1.20 to $1.40 per gallon should be gotten. If the 

 cream is shipped in cans on ice or in special ice-containing cans 

 (see p. 123), it should bring $1.00 to $1.20 per gallon for a clean 

 article. If the milk were sold in bottles from the farm as certified 

 milk it should bring the farmer 7 cents a quart, delivered on ice 

 at the nearest railroad station, at least, which amounts to $81.20 

 lor the 290 gallons. 



