216 CLEAN MILK 



Legal standards : Milk. — Not less than 3V2 per cent, fat, 9 pet cent, solids not 

 fat, and not more than 87^ per cent, water. 

 Cream. — Not less than 20 per cent. fat. 



Skimmed Milk. — Not less than 9.3 per cent, solids, includ- 

 ing fats. 

 Wholesome milk must come from healthy cows living under proper sanitary 

 conditions. It must have been properly cared for at the time of milking and 

 continually thereafter ; especially must it have been kept cold. This report 

 shows the chemical composition of the milk analyzed, but indicates only in an 

 imperfect manner its wholesomeness, which can be determined only by con- 

 sidering the condition of the cows, dairy farm, and dairy in connection with 

 this analysis. 



There is as yet no fixed standard for acidity in milk, but any sample of milk 

 or cream found to be, in the judgment of the health department, too acid will be 

 regarded as unwholesome, and the seller prosecuted. 



For the production of pasteurized milk on a large scale perhaps the 

 following is thus far the most notable attempt to embody in serviceable 

 rules our scientific knowledge of, the effects of heating milk. 



* The following rules shall regulate, the pasteurizing of milk and 

 milk products offered for sale, exposed for sale, or kept with the in- 

 tention of selling within the city of Chicago, after January 1st A. D. 

 1909: 



Rule 1. Milk and skimmed milk. Milk and skimmed milk shall 

 not contain more than 100,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter from Mao- 

 ist to September 30th, and not over 50,000 bacteria per cubic centi- 

 meter between October 1st and April 30th. 



Rule 2. Cream and ice cream. Cream and ice cream shall not 

 contain more than 200,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter from May 

 1st to September 30th, and not over 100,000 bacteria per cubic centi- 

 meter between October 1st and April 30th. 



Rule 3. Milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk, cream and ice cream. 

 An original package- of pasteurized milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk, 

 cream or ice cream, exposed to the temperature of the room for 48 

 hours and stoppered with a sterile cotton plug, shall not show evidences 

 of putrefaction, after being so exposed. 



Rule 4. Skimmed milk and ice cream. Skimmed milk and ice 

 cream shall give a negative test when treated in the following manner : 



* From Hoard's Dairyman, Dec. 4, 1908. 



