3H 



CLEAN MILK 



of milk places much more importance on the richness of milk than 

 any other quality. He can easily see and appreciate this quality, and 

 the cleanliness of the milk he can not judge of — except to notice that 

 it keeps well. Moreover, the average consumer buys the milk largely 

 for the cream, which is commonly used for the breakfast cereal and 

 coffee. For this reason a rich milk should bring the largest price, 

 providing that it is clean. 



A Holstein or Ayrshire milk — or a clean milk obtained from cows 

 of various breeds — may be sold for infants, and a 5 per cent. Jersey or 

 Guernsey milk may be sold for general consumption at a little higher 

 figure. 



If the whole milk is drunk by adults its richness is considered its 

 most valuable quality. In Boston a milk containing 6 per cent, of 

 fat — which may be obtained from some Jerseys and Guernseys— is 

 sold for 16 cents a quart, and is especially intended for invalids. It 

 is not unusual to separate the milk from different breeds on the farm 

 and charge different prices for their milk. Milk intended for babies 

 may appropriately contain about 4 per cent, of fat, and must be of 

 special cleanliness and freshness. Rapid delivery of it is therefore 

 necessary, which may require a special express rate on train and 

 special wagon in the city. The bottles should be thoroughly pro- 

 tected from dust by an outer cap of parchment, or tinfoil, over the 

 ordinary paper cap. A milk for infants should constantly contain 

 nearly the same quantity of fat, so as to give rise to a cream of uni- 

 form composition. This is essential for the physician to calculate the 

 fat in the different layers of cream (see p. 170), and such milk may be 

 supplied if it is obtained from one breed of cows. For all these rea- 

 sons the price of milk for infant feeding must be considerable — gener- 

 ally 15 cents a quart retail. A five per cent, milk from Jerseys 

 or Guernseys (not quite up to the certified standard for babies) 

 may be sold for general household use for from 16 to 12 cents a 

 quart. 



To give the reader an idea of representative cows of the dairy 

 breeds we have included an account of a Guernsey, which heads the 

 list of officially tested cows (taken from Hoard's Dairyman), and also 

 tables showing the records of a trial — at the St. Iyouis Fair of 1905 — 

 of Brown Swiss, Holsteins, Jerseys and Short Horns. The accom- 



