MAN A GEMENT OF HAND SEPARA TORS 3 1 9 



Tecommended by the English Board of Agriculture and found success- 

 ful in practice, should be followed in the treatment of calves : 



" Clip the hair from the top of the horn, when the calf is from 

 two to five days old ; slightly moisten the end of a stick of caustic 

 potash and rub the tip of each horn firmly for about one-quarter of a 

 minute, or until a slight impression has been made on the centre of 

 the horn. Repeat this two to four times at intervals of five minutes. 

 If a little blood appears in the centre of the horn, after one or more 

 applications, only one more slight rubbing with the potash will be 

 necessary. 



' ' The operation should not be performed on a calf over nine days 

 old. Caustic potash can be obtained from any druggist in the form of 

 a white stick (about as large as a pencil), and when not in use should 

 be kept in a glass stoppered bottle in a dry place. One man should 

 hold the calf while another uses the caustic. Roll a piece of tinfoil or 

 paper about the end of the stick of caustic to protect the fingers of the 

 operator from contact with it. Do not moisten the stick too much or 

 the caustic will spread around the horn and destroy the flesh. For 

 the same reason prevent the calf from wetting its head for several 

 days after the operation. Be careful to rub the caustic on the centre 

 of the horn and not around it. Caustic potash is a poison and must 

 be kept in a safe place." 



Management of Hand Separators 



There is no higher authority on dairy matters than Prof. E. H. 

 Farrington, of the University of Wisconsin Experiment Station, to 

 whom we have had the pleasure of referring on several occasions in 

 the previous pages. I can not do better than to quote the rules laid 

 down by him for the management of hand separators. 



1. Place the separator on a firm foundation in a clean, well-ventilated room 

 where it is free from all offensive odors. 



2. Thoroughly clean the separator after each skimming ; the bowl should be 

 taken apart and washed, together with all the tinware, every time the separator 

 is used ; if allowed to stand for even one hour without cleaning there is danger 

 of contaminating the next lot of cream from the sour bowl. This applies to all 

 kinds of cream separators. 



3. Wash the separator bowl and all tinware with cold water and then with 

 warm water, using a brush to polish the surface and clean out the seams and 



