PLANS OF BARNS AND MILK ROOMS 331 



The gates are fastened with a wooden sliding bolt (not shown). 

 The bottom of the rear posts may (for the lower eighteen inches) 

 consist of galvanized iron pipe set below in the cement and above in 

 the wooden scantling, for the sake of cleanliness. At the rear of the 

 Stall is seen a chain which is attached to rings in the post, on either 

 side of the stall, by means of snap hooks. The manger has two com- 

 partments, the lower for grain, and the upper or forward being for 

 hay— with a sliding rack between the two which may be removed or 

 lifted a little to clean out the floor of the manger. (Sometimes the 

 whole manger, arranged with sides reaching to the floor of the stable, 

 is made movable so that it may be adjusted to the length of the cow 

 and locked by pegs fitting in the side posts.) The cross-piece at (C) is 

 necessary to keep the cows from pressing forward and climbing over 

 the manger. It must be adjusted somewhat to the height of the cow. 

 This stall is convenient and inexpensive as compared to the iron stalls 

 (Figs. 79, 81). There is nothing on the floor of the stable to col- 

 lect dirt, as the manger does not touch the floor, but is eight inches 

 above it. 



We present a method of fastening cows (Fig. 91) without the use 

 of stalls. In this the animals are tied by swing stanchions. These are 

 greatly superior to the old style of fixed wooden stanchions in allowing 

 free movement of the cows. No partition is used between the cows' 

 bodies, but one, as seen in the cut, is placed in the feed trough 

 separating the cows' heads. It has the advantage of being a simple, 

 cleanly, compact and cheap method of housing cows. Compact and 

 cleanly in avoiding gates between cows, which collect dirt, it has the 

 disadvantage of not keeping the cows so well separated as when there 

 Is a partition between each animal, and it can not be arranged to 

 conform to the length of each animal as can stalls with a movable 

 gate in front of each cow. It is widely used and by many good 

 authorities is regarded as the best method of fastening animals in 

 the barn. 



The feed trough or manger is seen to be hollowed out of cement, 

 with cement partitions in it between each cow. On top of each 

 cement partition is one of wood, to which water buckets may be 

 attached. The wood base of the stanchions should not rise above the 

 level of the cement floor in order that sweeping and cleaning can be 



