340 CLEAN MILK 



are carefully fitted. Also the udder appears to be emptied even more, 

 thoroughly by the machine than by hand — exclusive of stripping. 

 The chief objection to the machine is its initial expense, while, on the 

 other hand, its chief value lies in its saving of money and labor in its- 

 operation. 



Hand stripping — after the removal of the teat cups' — is done,, 

 generally, into the teat cups themselves. Cows which are milked by 

 the machine have a longer period of lactation than when milked by 

 hand. 



What appeared a serious objection to the milking machine was- 

 the complaint that the milk of single cows could not be separated from 

 that of the herd — in case it was contaminated with blood or pus and. 

 germs from an inflamed udder ; or the milk was needed for feeding a 

 calf ; or for making a periodical test for quantity and fat. Gurler 

 has obviated this defect by having the pail of one machine divided, 

 into two compartments, one for each cow, and provided with corres- 

 ponding outlets from which the milk from each cow can be drawn.. 

 Garget, and all troubles with the udder, are less frequent with the 

 milking machine — probably because the teats are not so subject 

 to abrasions and infection from other cows by the hands of the 

 milker. 



Mr. H. B. Gurler, of Illinois, one of the most noted dairymen of 

 this country — writing in Hoard's Dairyman — says that in thirty com- 

 parative tests between hand and machine milking, the number of 

 bacteria was reduced one-half by the machine — from 5,000 to 2,500 

 per c. c. After fourteen months' use of the Burrell-I^awrence-Kennedy 

 machine with two hundred cows he found but two or three cows 

 which could not be milked by it ; he gives it his unqualified approba- 

 tion and affirms that it has come to stay. 



Gurler states that one man with the machine is equal to three 

 hand milkers ; that no difficulty was experienced in keeping the appara- 

 tus clean by the use of rinsing in cold water, a solution of lye, and 

 boiling water ; and that great care should be taken in accurately 

 fitting each teat cup to each individual teat. He warns against com- 

 pletely filling the milk pails, lest milk be drawn into the vacuum 

 pipes, and emphasizes the necessity of a uniform vacuum. If a teat 

 cup pulls off or any accident occurs which reduces the vacuum, the 



