8 HONEY, AS FOOD AND MEDICINE. 
The Zerotin family in Moravia and Silesia, did much to 
encourage bee-culture. They hada guild, certain privileges, 
bee-taxes, and their own police. 
Prof. Jantscha, from Carniola, was called to Vienna, as 
Professor of bee-culture, during the reign of Maria Theresa. 
His successor was Manzbery. nder this reign all improve- 
ments flourished. On April 8, 1775, bee-culture, by patent, 
was elevated by the removal of all hinderances to the sale 
of honey and wax. 
Passing down to more modern times, we should mention 
as writers, Swammerdam, a German naturalist; Maraldi, 
an Italian mathematician; Schirach, a Saxon priest; 
Réaumur, inventor of a themometer; Bonnet, a Swiss 
entomologist; Dr. John Hunter; and Francis Huber, who 
though totally blind, is noted for his many minute observa- 
tions, by the aid of lis assistant, Burnens, which caused 
quite a revolution in ancient theories concerning the honey 
bee. He was also assisted by Mdle. Jurine, who, by delicate 
microscopic examinations, rendered important service not 
only to Huber, but also to future generations. 
In 1806, Christian Pehlemann, an invalid, resident in the 
village of Odenburg in the Prussian province of Brandenburg 
Joaned the then hard-pressed King of Prussia, four hundred 
rix-dollars, the surplus profits of an apiary of thirty hives of 
bees, by whose 1abors and products he supported himself. In 
1812, the King repaid the loan with interest, and presented 
to the patriotic lender a gold medal having a hive anda 
cluster of -bees embossed thereon. 
Dr. Bevan’s work on ‘‘ The Honey Bee” was a standard 
volume until oie with the same title was published in this 
country by the Rev. L. L. Langstroth. 
But space forbids us to enumerate all the apiarists of the 
resent age—prominent among whom we may mention 
Fann Von Berlepsch, Leuckart, Von Siebold, Sir John 
Lubbock, the Rev. L. L. Langstroth, Samuel Wagner, M. 
Quinby, Adam Grimm, J. 8. Harbison, Capt. J. E. ethcr- 
ington, Professor A. J. Cook, and a mighty host_of others, 
who, through faith in scientific research and devotion to 
experiments and manipulations, have wrought wonders with 
their bees. ‘‘Pulling down the strong-holds” of old-fogy 
opposition, they ‘‘waxed valiant in fight ” against all forms 
of ignorant and fossilized theories, consigning them to a 
burial with the fallacies of past ages—and as if by magic 
wand, they have bidden modern ideas and scientific manage- 
ment of the Apiary to ‘arise and shine,” sending its benign 
influences to the very ends of the earth ! 
