THE SARCODINA 107 



Family 2. Miliolidas. The shell is mono- or polythalamous, usually, calcareous and 

 porcellanous, but may be covered with sand. The polythalamous forms may be 

 linear, spiral, or a combination of the two. 



Subfamily 1. Nubecularince . The shell has an irregular and asymmetrical form, 

 with the aperture or apertures variously placed. Genera: Calcituba Roboz ; 

 Squammulina Schultze ("54) ; Nubecularia Dufrance. 



Subfamily 2. Miliolince. The shell is coiled, either symmetrically or asymmetri- 

 cally, on an elongated axis, with usually two chambers to each convolution. 

 During growth the shell-mouth is alternately at each end of the shell. Genera : 

 Spiroloculina d'Orb. ('26); Biloculina d'Orb. ('26); Fabularia Dufrance; 

 Miliolina Williamson ('58). 



Subfamily 3. Hauerininiz. The shells are varied, the chambers being partly milio- 

 line in their arrangement, partly spiral or linear. Genera : Hauerina d'Orb. 

 ('46 ) ; Articulina d'Orb. ('46). 



Subfamily 4. Peneroplidiruz. The shells are piano-spiral or cyclical, and bilaterally 

 symmetrical. Genera: Peneroplis Montfort ('10) ; Orbilolites Lamarck (1801) ; 

 Orbiadina Lamarck ('16) ; Coruuspira M. Schultze ('54). 



Subfamily 5. Alveolinince . The shell is spiral and elongated in the axis of the 

 convolution ; the chambers are subdivided into secondary chambers. Genera : 

 Alveolina d'Orb ('26). 



Subfamily 6. Keramospluzrince. The shell is spherical with the chambers in con- 

 centric layers. Genera: Keramosphcera Brady ('84). 



Family 3. Astrorhizidae. The shell is invariably composite, consisting of foreign 

 particles, such as diatom-cases, spicules, sand grains, etc. It is usually large and 

 single chambered, frequently branched or even radiate, with usually a single 

 pseudopodial aperture at the end of each branch. 



Subfamily 1. Astrorhizintz. The shells have thick walls, consisting of sand or 

 mud, lightly cemented together. Genera: Astrorhiza Sandahl ('57); Den- 

 drophrya Wright ('61); Syringammina Brady ('84); Pelosina Brady ('79). 



Subfamily 2. Pilulinince. The shell consists of one chamber, the walls being thick 

 and composed of felted spicules and fine sand. Genera : Pilulina Carpenter 

 ('70) ; Bathysiplwn Sars (71). 



Subfamily 3. Saccammini?icz. The chambers are nearly spherical, with thin walls 

 composed of closely cemented sand grains. Genera: Saccammina Sars ('65) ; 

 Psammospluera Schultze ('75) ; Sorospluera Brady ('79). 



Subfamily 4. Rhabdamminina:. The shell is composed of sand grains, firmly 

 cemented together, and often with sponge spicules intermixed. . They are 

 tubular, straight, radiate, branched or irregular, but rarely segmented. Genera : 

 Jaculella Brady ('79) ; Botellina Carpenter ('70) ; Haliphysema Bowerbank ('62) ; 

 Marsipella Norman ('78) ; Rhabdammina Sars ('65) ; Aschemonella Brady ('79) ; 

 Rhizammina Brady ('79) ; Sagenella Brady ('79). 



Family 4. Lituolidae. The shell is arenaceous, and the septa which imperfectly 

 mark the chambers are often incomplete or absent. 



Subfamily 1. Lituolin(e. The shell is composed of coarse sand grains, is rough 

 externally, and often labyrinthic. Genera: Rheophax Montfort ('08) ; Haplo- 

 phragmium Reuss ('60) ; Coskinolina Stache; Ilaplostiche Reuss ('61) ; Lituola 

 Lamarck (1801) ; Bdelloidina Carter C77). 



Subfamily 2. Trochamminince . The shell is thin, and consists of a chitinous basis 

 in which are embedded minute sand grains. The outside of the shell is smooth 

 and often polished ; the interior is smooth or occasionally reticulate, but never 

 labyrinthic. Genera : Thurammina Brady ('79) ; Ammodiscus Reuss ; Tro- 

 cfianunina Parker and Jones ('59) ; Webbina d'Orb. ('39) ; Carterina Brady 

 ('79) ; Hippocrepina Parker ; Hormosina Bradv ('79). 



