Fig. 19. — Wild Chervil iS^kcBrophyllum. sylvestre). 



CHAPTER II. 



At first sight, it may seem an objection to the 

 view suggested in the preceding chapter, that some 

 flowers — as, for instance, those of the common Antir- 

 rhinum (Snapdragon) — which, according to the above- 

 given tests, ought to be fertihsed by insects, are entirely 

 closed. A little consideration, however, will suggest 

 the reply. The Antirrhinum is adapted for fertilisation 

 by humble bees. The stamens and pistil are so ar- 

 ranged that smaller species would not effect the object. 

 It is therefore an advantage that they should be ex- 

 cluded, and in fact they are not strong enough to move 

 the spring. The humble bees, however, have no diffi- 

 culty in pushing down the lower lip and thus effecting 

 an entrance. The Antirrhinum is, so to say, a closed 

 box, of which the humble bees alone possess the key. 

 The common Heath {Erica teiralix) offers us a very 

 ingenious arrangement. The flower is in the form of 



