32 ON THE AGAMIC REPRODUCTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF APHIS 
female observed by himself. Mr. Walker states as a known fact, that 
Aphis Rose habitually lives through our mild winters. 
In his work on ‘ Parthenogenesis’ (1849), Professor Owen modifies 
his previous statement so far as to say, in a note (p. 59), that the 
perfecting of the female generative organs in Apfzs “is not attended 
by the acquisition of wings; or if they be developed in the oviparous 
female, they soon fall. I have, however, retained them in the diagram 
for a better illustration of the analogy. Many of the virgin vivi- 
parous Aphides acquire wings, but never perfect the generative 
organs.” 
The diagram referred to exhibits two figures, (/) and (2), which, 
for anything that appears in the text, might be taken to be the 
author’s representation of male and female Ap/zdes. On comparing 
them with the illustrations of Morren’s memoir, however, it is at once 
obvious that they are copies of his figures 1 and 2, of which fig. 2 
does really represent a male; while fig. 1, on the other hand, is not 
an oviparous, but a viviparous female. In the explanation of his 
figures, Morren indeed merely says of fig. 1, “Femelle vue en 
dessous ;” but it requires no great amount of attention to his text 
to observe his distinct statement (already quoted), that the winged 
female is viviparous, and not oviparous. I am obliged to be thus 
particular in explaining these unusual circumstances, as otherwise 
the existence of a typical figure of a winged oviparous female 
Aphis, in the work of an accredited author, might be brought 
forward as conclusive evidence of the ordinary occurrence of such 
females. 
When the natural history of the Ap/zdes is freed from the mythical 
additions which have accumulated around, and obscured it, I believe 
1 Professor Owen, in the last edition of his ‘ Lectures on the Invertebrata,’ p. 410, quotes 
Léon Dufour as having witnessed the coitus of the male Aphis ‘‘ with the winged female.” 
The reference is to ‘‘ Dufour, Léon, in Annales des Sciences Naturelles, vol. i. 1844.” I 
have carefully, and more than once, scrutinized this volume of the * Annales,’ without having 
been able to discover the passage referred to. Léon Dufour has, in fact, two memoirs in 
the first volume of the * Annales’ for 1844. The first is on the ‘Anatomie générale des 
Dipteres ;” the second, ‘‘ Histoire des Métamorphoses et de l’Anatomie du Pophila 
Petasvonzs.”” As might be expected, there is no reference to the Aphides in either of these 
papers. 
Finally, the authors of the article ‘‘ Hémipteéres” in the ‘Suites 4 Buffon’ (1843), p. 600, 
quote De la Hire as their authority for saying that the oviparous female 4fhzs is winged. 
I have examined the passage cited (Histoire de ’ Acad. Royale des Sciences, 1703), however, 
and I find only this :— 
““M. de la Hire croé¢ que les pucerons vivent une année entiére, et que pendant Vhiver 
ils se retirent dans des trous, d’ot ils sortent au printems pour pondre leurs ceufs, comme le 
font les mouches ordinaires.”” 
