ON FOSSILS FROM NEW ZEALAND 161 
from the tarso-metatarse of Aptevodytes, which is broader in propor- 
tion to its length, is traversed by two distinct interosseous foramina, 
has a much less-marked external longitudinal groove on its anterior 
face, and has only two distinct calcaneal ridges, of which the inner 
arises from the whole width of the upper end of the inner component 
of the metatarse. Furthermore there is no posterior oblique “linea 
aspera”; and the surfaces of the bones are altogether smoother. In 
these respects I find that the skeletons of both of the large Penguins 
(A. Forstert and A. Pennantiz) which | have examined agree with one 
another, and differ from the fossil. 
The tarso-metatarse of a smaller member of the same family, the 
Crested Penguin (Eudyples chrysolophus), much more nearly approxi- 
mates to the characters of the fossil bone. The tarso-metatarse of 
Eudyptes measures 1} inch in length by 3ths of an inch wide at its 
proximal extremity (the same proportions as in the fossil), while the 
distal end has a width of ?3ths of an inch. 
There are two interosseous foramina, as in dAfptenodytes; but the 
outer is the longer and narrower, and the groove prolonged from it on 
to the anterior face of the bone is the deeper,—in both which respects 
Eudyptes approaches the fossil and differs from dAptenodytes. Again, 
there are two short oblique ridges on the upper part of the anterior 
face, above the inner foramen, in Eudyptes; and there is a small 
tuberosity on the inner side of the outer foramen, which, if broken 
or worn, would give rise to just such an oval rugose area as that I 
have indicated in the fossil. 
On the other hand, the latter differs from the corresponding bone 
of Eudyptes in the division of the calcaneal ridges into four, in the 
more slender and crest-like form of the inner oe, in the cecal 
ending of the inner foramen and in the “linea aspera” on the pos- 
terior face, and in indicating a bird of twice the size of any Audyples 
that I have seen. 
I have further compared the tarso-metatarsal bones of Sphenzscus 
demersa and S. minor in the Museum of the College of Surgeons with 
the fossil one. Their proportions are like those of Eudyptes ; they 
have a tubercle on the outer side of the middle metatarsal bone very 
like that in the fossil; and in the form of the upper part of the 
anterior face of the bone in S. demersa, is very similar to that ex- 
hibited by the bone from New Zealand; but there is a completely 
open inner interosseous foramen, and the inner and middle meta- 
tarsals are separated by a deep, though narrow, groove as long as 
the outer one. There is the same absence of spiral ridges and of a 
“linea aspera” as in the Eudyptes. 
VOL, II AM 
