ON THE RELATIONS OF MAN WITH THE LOWER ANIMALS 479 
negro’s brain, from that of the orang. His summary, at p. 518, 
runs thus :— 
*« The brain of the monkey and the orang outang differs, as follows, 
from the human brain :— 
“1, The brain is absolutely and relatively smaller and lighter, 
shorter, narrower, and lower than the human brain. 
“2, The brain is smaller, in comparison to the size of the nerves 
than in man. 
“3. The hemispheres of the brain are, relatively to the spinal 
marrow, medulla oblongata, the cerebellum, corpora quadrigemina, 
the thalami optici, and corpora striata, smaller than in man. 
“4, The gyri and sulci of the brain are not so numerous as in 
” 
man, 
I do not think that any valid objections can be raised as to the 
accuracy of the statements already cited; but in case such should be 
brought forward, I will now produce one authority which I am sure 
Professor Owen will regard as irrefragable. This is the third volume 
of the Catalogue of the Hunterian Collection, where, at p. 34,1 find 
the following passages :— 
“1338. The brain of a baboon (Papzo mormon, Cuv.) The cerebral 
hemispheres are of greater proportionate size than in any of the 
preceding specimens, and they are developed so far backwards as to 
cover the cerebellum. The posterior lobes exhibit anfractuosities 
characteristic of the brain in the higher simiz, as the baboons and 
orangs. 
“13384. The brain of a chimpanzee (Szmda troglodytes, Linn.) This 
brain, in the relative proportions of the different parts, and the dis- 
position of the convolutions, especially those of the posterior lobes, 
approaches nearest to the human brain. It differs chiefly in the flat- 
ness of the hemispheres, in the comparative shortness of the posterior, 
and the narrowness of the anterior lobes.” 
In the year 1842, Dr. Macartney read a paper “On the Minute 
Structure of the Brain of the Chimpanzee, and of the Human Idiot, 
compared with the perfect Brain of Man,” before the Royal Irish 
Academy ; and the essay, accompanied by two plates, is published in 
the 19th volume of the Transactions of that Academy. At p. 323, 
Dr. Macartney says—“The proportions of the cerebellum to the 
cerebrum were exactly as in man.” “The parts in the lateral ven- 
tricles corresponded very nearly with the same in man.” The figure 
of the upper surface of a plaster cast of the brain of this Chimpanzee, 
in Plate I., distinctly exhibits the posterior cerebral lobes projecting 
beyond the cerebellum. 
