THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL 589 
Professor Schaafhausen, it appears, obtained Dr. Fuhlrott’s per- 
mission to take a cast of the interior of the Neanderthal skull. Ofthe 
reproduction of the form of the cerebrum thus obtained, he says : 
“ There is a great resemblance to that of an Australian presented 
to the Society at the same time, so far as the slight development 
of the brain is concerned. The latter cast even presents somewhat 
better dimensions. The following is the result of the comparative 
measurement of the casts. 
Length of Width of The greatest The greatest 
hemispheres. anterior lobe. width. height.? 
Neanderthal . 173mm 112m 136m 66m 
Australian . . . 164 100 125 OF 
M. Luce has made out that the weight of the European brain ex- 
ceeds that of the Australian on the average by 300 grammes. As to 
dimensions, it is neither in length, nor in height, that the former con- 
siderably exceeds the latter, but in width. Thus this difference of the 
races is already manifest in the highest antiquity, when our countries 
were inhabited by men who, in intelligence, were on a level with the 
Australian savages of the present day.” 
I am indebted to Dr. Fuhlrott for what I presume to be a copy of 
the cast thus obtained by Professor Schaafhausen, and the accompany- 
ing woodcuts (Figs. 2 and 3) give two views of it, reduced to one half 
the natural size. With each view is represented the contour, under the 
same aspect, of the cast of the interior of one of those depressed 
Australian skulls in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, to 
which I have already referred. The resemblance between the two is 
at once seen to be very striking. The Australian rather exceeds the 
Neanderthal brain in length (771 inches to 685 inches), but, on the 
other hand, it is narrower at its widest part (5°3 inches to 5°45 inches), 
and the length of a vertical arch taken over the highest parts of the 
two casts from corresponding points on their lateral surfaces is slightly 
less in the Australian (9°3 inches to 9°6 inches). Again, the transverse 
contour, such as would be seen by viewing the casts from behind, is more 
pentagonal in the Australian, more evenly curved in the Neanderthal 
brain ; and both the anterior and the posterior lobes are more flattened 
above and less rounded at their ends, in the Neanderthal cast. But 
all these differences sink into insignificance if compared with those 
which separate the Australian brain-cast in question, from others in 
the same collection.” 
1 Taken at the line which joins the anterior and the posterior lobes. 
2 If, from the close resemblance of so much as can be reproduced of the cast of the 
Neanderthal skull to the corresponding part of the Australian, we may be permitted to 
