INSECTS. 143 
NotTE.—In New Zealand it has been found almost impossible to 
cultivate red clover, from the fact that there are no humble-bees to 
carry the pollen. It is said, however, that the flowers are changing, 
so that other insects can perform the work. 
According to Sir John Lubbock, the language of bees is expressed 
by humming. “A tired bee hums on E’, and therefore vibrates its 
wings only 330 times in a second. A bee humming on A’ will, on the 
other hand, increase its vibrations to 440 per second.” 
Specimens for “Study.—Insects, as the grasshopper, 
should be spread as in Fig. 182, and the wings and ex- 
terior parts studied. Fresh 
specimens should then be 
E Fic. 183.—Insect pinned. 
Fic. 182.—Grasshopper with the 
wings of one side expanded. : 
Vi teiwdedides A, Winder: separated, the segments, 
wing. joints, mouth-parts, anten- 
ne, etc., pasted on a card, 
numbered and labeled. The perfect insect should be 
preserved as in Fig. 183, pinned to a section of cork and 
glued in a covered box, a label with the name and 
locality accompanying it. Longitudinal sections of speci- 
mens hardened in alcohol should be made, the upper 
portion of the integument cut off, leaving the delicate 
hyperdermis. Lift this carefully and examine the heart, 
ganglia, etc. The various organs should be compared 
with Fig. r10 and drawn. In making collections, endeavor 
to have all the different stages, telling the entire story 
