172 BACKBONED ANIMALS. 
Wyandotte and Mammoth Caves are noted localities for 
them. The Amélyopsis is viviparous. 
Herring-Pikes (Z/opide).—This family includes the 
tarpon (Jegalops thrissoides) and the big-eyed herring. The 
former attains a length of over eight feet, and is the most 
beautiful of all fishes, ranging from Cape Cod to Florida. 
An allied form, the Studs or Piraruca, of South America, 
attains a length of fifteen feet, and a weight of four hun- 
dred pounds. They have skeletons of most massive build. 
The young, according to Schomburgh, enter the mother’s 
mouth in time of danger. Allied are the herrings (C/upe- 
@e), shad, menhaden, and the gizzard-shad. They are 
nearly all important food-fishes. Menhaden oil and guano 
are valued. The scales of the tarpon are used in orna- 
mental work. 
Salmon (Sa/monide).—Salmon are found in Europe 
and America, in the latter country from the polar regions 
to Cape Cod. They live in both fresh and salt water. In 
the breeding-season they ascend the rivers, leaping the 
falls with great skill, and at this time are often caught. 
The eggs are about the size of a pea, and are deposited 
in depressions or nests. When very young, they are 
banded and known as 
parr (Fig. 214). Ata 
year old they are sil- 
very, and previous to 
descending the rivers 
Fic. 214.—Young salmon ( fa77). are known as smold. 
When they return from 
their first visit to the sea they are called gvz/se, only after 
their second return being known as salmon, Allied is the 
common trout, that lives permanently in fresh water, 
breeding in the autumn and early winter. 
NoTeE.—Salmon are found in the Yukon River, Alaska, 3,000 miles 
from the sea. In 1882 the Columbia River salmon-fisheries alone real- 
ized in first hands $2,782,000, giving employment to 7,000 persons. 
