MAMMALIA. 335 
out effort. They range from northern Maine to the Arctic 
regions. In the winter the herds of moose often form 
yards in the snow, trampling it down for several miles, 
Fic. 358.—Moose (Adce Amer:canus). 
banding together for protection against the wolves, to 
whom they often fall victims in the soft, deep snow. The 
great extinct Irish elk was an allied form, and their re- 
mains are now frequently found in the Irish bogs. Their 
horns often measured twelve feet from tip to tip, and were 
so broad that three or four men could rest on them. They 
were ten feet high, including the horns. The axis deer is 
an Indian species, and is spotted with white, similar to 
the fallow deer. In Java is found the Muntjac (Cervus 
vaginalis) ; its horns are on bony pedestals, and the male 
is remarkable for its long, protruding canine teeth in the 
upper jaw. The musk-deer of Asia has similar teeth. 
VALUE.—Fur, hides, horns, teeth, hoofs, sinews, musk, etc. 
Hollow-Horned Ruminants (Bovide). General 
Characteristics-—This large family includes the buffaloes, 
oxen, sheep, goats, and antelopes, distinguished from the 
deer by the peculiar structure of the horns, that are hol- 
low, and, as a rule, not shed. Two processes of the fore- 
