364 BACKBONED ANIMALS. 
edited by Elliott Coues, M.D.; ‘ Mammals of the Adirondacks,” C. 
Hart Merriam, M.D.; “A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home,” Dr. 
C. C. Abbott. 
Man (Hominide). General Characteristics,—Man (Home 
sapiens) stands as the exponent of the highest perfection of 
animal life, unique and distinct from all preceding forms 
as regards his mental organization. In structure (Fig. 
379) he differs but little from other primates. The gen- 
eral physical differences are his erect position, the span of 
the arms equaling the height. The forehead or cranial 
box in man overhangs the orbits; in the gorilla (Fig. 
381) the forehead is hollowed out. The brain in man is 
more than twice the size of that of the gorilla, its capacity 
being from seventy-five to ninety-two cubic inches, while 
in the latter it is only thirty-five cubic inches. The brain 
of the former shows a greater number of convolutions ; 
and, finally, man alone possesses a perfect vocal commu- 
nication, known as language. 
The present human population of the globe is 1,433,- 
887,500. Man represents but a single genus and spe- 
cies. The different races are divided in accordance with 
certain external peculiarities ; thus, according to Huxley, 
two primary divisions are noticed: 1. The races with 
crisp or woolly hair, UWJotrichi, represented by the Afri- 
can negro (Fig. 382, 1, 2,3), the Bushmen of ultra-Saharal 
Africa, the Negritos of the Malay Peninsula and Archi- 
pelago, and those of the Papuan Islands. They are char- 
acterized by yellow, brown, or black skins; the lower 
part of the face protrudes, the waist is broader than in 
the white race, and the fore-arm, hand, foot, and leg are 
sometimes longer in proportion than Europeans. This 
is also true of the Australians. The legs are a little less 
than half the height, and the thigh-bone is flattened from 
side to side as in the gorilla) The heel of the negro, 
contrary to general opinion, is not longer in proportion 
to the foot than in white races, the projections seen being 
