366 BACKBONED ANIMALS. 
fleshy, and an expansion of soft parts due to not wearing 
shoes. 
2. Thosé with smooth hair, Zetotricht, are divided into 
four groups upon a similar plan: 1. The Australoid group, 
comprising the low Bushmen, in which the height averages 
four feet seven inches, and the legs less than half the height 
of the body. The hair, eyes, and skin are dark, the hair 
wavy. ‘The skull is long, and the brow-ridges extremely 
prominent. The inhabitants of the Deccan belong here, 
and from them have sprung, in the estimation of Pro- 
fessor Huxley, the ancient Egyptians. ‘The habits of the 
Bushmen are more like those of the lower primates than 
men. 2. The Mongoloid group. Herein are included the 
Chinese and Japanese (Fig. 382, 5), Mongols, people of 
Thibet, the Polynesians, Micronesians, and the American 
tribes (Fig. 382, 6). The Patagonians are the tallest peo- 
ple known, averaging six feet, the women five feet ten 
inches, while the Esquimaux and the Bushmen are the 
smallest, averaging four feet seven inches. Three hun- 
dred and ninety-one years ago nearly the entire conti- 
nent of America was peopled with powerful native Indian 
tribes, that have been gradually driven to the West, 944 
individuals only being found now in the New England 
States, 303,217 * in the United States, and 103,969 in 
the British possessions, 407,217 in all, in North America, 
speaking about four hundred and thirty distinct lan- 
guages. Their ultimate extinction or loss of individual- 
ity is merely a matter of time. Among the typical tribes 
the Pueblos of the Southwest, the Thiinkeetst of the 
Northwest, the, Utes, or Colorado Indians (Fig. 383), are 
prominent. All of this group have straight hair. The 
North American Indians have a reddish skin, the Chinese 
yellow, while the Polynesians are dark brown. 
* Report of 1880. 
+ In early days the process of flattening the head was common 
throughout North and South America. 
