370 QUESTIONS. 
BRANCH IV.—1. What are the general characteristics of echino- 
derms? 2. What is a pedicellaria? How used? 3. Describe the 
water vascular system, and its use. 4. What is a crinoid? 4. Define 
an echinus. 6. How does it differ from star-fishes? 7. What is a 
madreporic plate? 8. Define a holothurian, 9. How do they breathe? 
10. What is the position of the madreporic plate? 11. Describe the 
development of holothurians. : 
BRANCH V.—1. What are the general characteristics of worms? 
2. Describe a planarian worm. 3. Give its life-history from the egg to 
adult. 4. What fable is there associated with the Gorgius aquaticus? 
5. Define a rotifer. 6. Why are they termed wheeled? 7. What are 
the polyzoans? 8 In what do they differ from other worms? 9. De- 
fine a brachiopod. 10. Give examples. 11. Describe a leech. 12. 
What peculiarity is there about their teeth? 13. Describe the eggs 
and habits of young. 14. Describe an earth-worm, 15. How does it 
crawl, eat, dig, etc.? 16. For what are they valued by man? 17. De- 
scribe a marine worm. 18. What do you conceive to be the use of the 
luminous property in worms? 19. Give examples of luminous forms. 
BRANCH VI,—1r. What are the general characteristics of mollusks ? 
2. Describe the parts of a clam-shell. 3. Describe the internal organs. 
4. How does the oyster breathe? 5, Describe the nervous system. 6. 
Where are the eyes, and ears? 7. How is the foot of clams used? 8. 
How does the pecten move? 9, What are the habits of the pholas? ro. 
Define a univalve. 11. Mention a surface shell. 12. What is an oper- 
culum? 13. Define the heteropoda. 14. Define an air-breathing gas- 
teropod. 15. Describe the land-slugs. 16. What peculiar secretion 
have they? 17. Describe the eyes of the onchidium. 18. What are 
the highest forms of mollusks? 1g. Describe the nautilus. 20. Can it 
leave its shell? 21. Has it an ink-bag? 22, What peculiarity is there 
about its eye? 23. Describe a squid. 24. How does it differ from the 
preceding forms? 25. Howis the siphon used? Theink? 26. How 
is the body supported? 27. Describe the octopus. 28. How does the 
argonaut differ from the nautilus? What fable is there about them? 
29. Where and how are the eggs placed ? 
BRANCH VII.—1. Define the arthropoda. 2. What are the dis- 
tinctive characteristics of crustaceans? 3. Describe the skeleton of the 
cray-fish. 4. How does it breathe? 5. How is molting accomplished ? 
6. Describe the metamorphosis of a crab; mention an exception. 7. 
How are the eggs carried? 8. Describe the growth of a barnacle. 
g. What are cirri? 10. Mention some peculiarity about the brine- 
shrimp. 11. What crustaceans secrete a bivalve shell? 12. Define the 
decapods. 13. How do the hermits differ from preceding forms? 
