Vill. AUSTRALIAN RECOMMENDATIONS. 
46. There must be a sufficient forest reservation to supply the material 
meeds of prospective populations and to afford safeguards against possible 
-climatic and waterflow ‘changes. 
47. A per capita basis cannot be adopted because the Australian 
community is a mere nucleus of what it is destined to become. 
48. Since most forest lands are more or less suitable for some form of 
settlement, and the theory of relegation to poor soils will not hold in Australia, 
an arbitrary forest ratio must be established for each State in framing the 
forest policy. 
49. As far as is at all practicable the Australian ratio should be fixed 
at not less than 5 per cent. of the total State area. In Europe the proportion 
of 20 per cent. to.30 per cent. still holds, in despite of teeming populations 
and intense demand for land, and forest redemption is still taking place. Mr. D. 
TE. Hutchins in his “ Discussion of Australian Forestry” proposes 15 per cent. 
50. Preliminary forest exploration work should be pushed as far and as 
quickly as practicable. A cursory examination should be enough to secure a 
temporary reservation of likely lands pending final demarcation. The 
Departments of Lands should co-operate in the project. 
51. Final demarcation up to the limits of the prescription for the State 
should be the exclusive function of the Forest Services, and should be under- 
taken in the course of forest survey and assessment. 
52. State Forests should be located as closely as possible to present and 
prospective markets, because of the heaviness and bulk of the material to be 
transported therefrom. 
53. They should be of sufficient extent to make possible and profitable 
their management as separate areas. Forest lands are most valuable when 
handled in large unbroken units. 
54. Primarily, they should furnish a soil and climate adapted to the 
production of marketable timber. If they carry seed trees of the right species, 
so much to the good; if a mature stand exists, still better; if an abundant 
young growth, best of all. If the cover furnishes watershed protection, reserva- 
tion may be justified even in default of other factors. Ruggedness is an 
argument in favour of retention. Preference should be extended to mountain 
forests. 
55. Areas necessary for administrative purposes should be retained. 
56. Administrative purposes include forest stations, plantations and 
nurseries, mill and camp sites, log depéts, logging roads and chutes, and means 
of access, look-out points, telephone lines, firebreaks, and every other area 
needed in the work of the forester, and such areas as are requisite for public 
camping grounds, health or pleasure resorts, or other purposes for the use 
of the public. 
57. Since Australian forest exploitation depends primarily upon bullock 
teams, the provision of water supply and pasture, paddocks, pounds, stock 
driveways and holding grounds, is of especial importance, apart from the ques- 
tion of general forest grazing management. 
58. Patches of agricultural or other non-forest land which might 
otherwise be eliminated, but are so intimately an integral part of the forest 
that they cannot be segregated without destroying a forest unit, should be 
retained. A State forest should not be shredded by alienation to a point 
making protection, general administration, or application of forest manage- 
ment unpractical. : 
59. Agricultural land which might otherwise be cut out, but carries a 
heavy stand of timber of such value that the timber speculator in place of the 
bona fide selector would seek to acquire title, should not be made available 
until the timber has been removed completely. 
