X. AUSTRALIAN RECOMMENDATIONS. 
73. The survey season should be fixed to suit local climatic conditions as 
far as possible; ordinarily, it should be in the autumn to spring months. The 
severe summer months might be devoted to office work or to details of study 
and investigation at the Forest Institute and Experiment Stations, or holidays. 
74. For the proper assembling of data, four standard maps should be 
adopted, viz., (1) The base map, showing topography and “culture” ; (2) the 
silvical map, showing forest types and age classes ; (3) the timber map, showing 
timber stands and assessment estimates; and (4) the forest organisation map, 
Showing present and projected improvements and subdivisions. 
75. A State forest atlas of a standard size (say, 18 inches by 21 inches) 
should be established at head offices, with district forest atlases at each district 
office. In these atlases should be assembled systematically the prepared maps 
and collected figures resulting from strip survey. An index map on a scale 
ef 80 chains to the inch should be included. 
For map-filing purposes, the adoption of the Beck vertical map file and 
envelopes is recommended. : 
76. The American alpha-numeric symbolisation scheme to denote mixed 
stands should be adapted for Australian use. 
(3.) Silviculture and Forest Management. 
Silviculture is the handling of woodlands in accordance with the 
various silvicultural characteristics and requirements of the contained 
species; in other words, the incorporation into forest treatment of 
the results of the forest research to be carried out at the forest 
institute, experiment stations, and demonstration forests, and by 
forest officers generally. Its objective is the attainment of the 
normal or perfect forest. 
Necessarily, it cannot come in its fulness forthwith; the unfold- 
ing will be gradual. But its application begins with exploitation, 
which, silviculturally speaking, is only a means to an end, that of 
normal regeneration. 
77. The welfare of the stand must be the chief consideration in permitting 
cutting operations, which should be conducted so as to afford the maximum 
opportunity for natural regeneration. , 
78. There must be an insistence upon conservative methods of timber- 
getting (low stumps, high tops, sawing instead of axeing, &c.), not only upon 
grounds of economy, but in order to reduce the accumulation of debris and 
improve the chances for reproduction ; where necessary, slash must be stacked 
and burnt, or scattered ; dead, defective, and damaged trees must be removed ; 
young growth must be safeguarded against injury. 
79. Markets must be canvassed in order to develop: a sale for the lesser 
species which crowd the forest and stand in the way of profitable regeneration 
and improvement. 
80. The areas most in need of cutting should be located accurately and 
operations diverted thereto. 
_ 81. Present timber-getting operations should be limited, by the prescrip- 
tion of a high minimum girth, to the skimming from the forest of the 
overmature and deteriorating trees. 
82. Secondary fellings should be in the nature of a seeding cutting, and 
should be conducted, when practicable, by the forest service itself. Otherwise, 
the forest service should mark the trees to be removed. 
