AUSTRALIAN RECOMMENDATIONS. XI. 
83. Marking rules should be developed in the light of the silvicultural 
lessons learnt. The work of marking should be regarded as of the first 
importance, and be under the direct superintendence of expert officers, who 
should establish sample markings on each cutting area. , , 
84. A systematic study of cut-over areas should be maintained, and the 
results recorded at the Forest Institute for use in developing silvicultural 
practice. 
85. The processes of natural regeneration should be observed closely in 
the forest, and worked out on experimental areas and in forest nurseries. The 
time of seedfall should be recorded for each species. Sample plots of seedlings 
should be marked for observation. The influences of firing, light regulation, 
shelter, soil-working, &c.—and their costs—should be analysed. 
86. Forest improvement in the sense of silvicultural tending should be 
carried on, for the present, only experimentally, and as such should be 
studied closely as a part of research. 
Undoubtedly, it is desirable that areas already cut over under 
the unrestricted conditions of the past should be set in order. But 
it is a tremendous and costly task, and general forest organisation 
should be regarded as of prior urgency, more especially as sound 
silvicultural practice has yet to be developed, and to a large extent 
also is dependent upon a widening of the Australian market. 
87. A demonstration area should be set apart on each forest for direct 
exploitation and regeneration by the Forest Service, to serve both as an 
example of conservative utilisation and an experiment in applied silviculture. 
88. In opening up roads ‘within the forest, the Forest Service should 
itself convert and dispose of the trees to be removed. 
89. Thinning work should be undertaken only where a market for 
thinnings exists or can be established. As a rule, there is little need for it in 
Australian forest practice, unless in the way of improvement fellings in the 
overwood. Congested pole crops are of infrequent occurrence. 
90. A maximum periodic cut approximating to the sustained yield should 
be fixed for each forest. 
91. Increment plots for the purpose of recording the rate of growth for 
different species, and accurately determining the rotation, should be established 
on each forest and for each site quality. 
92. As the forest approaches normality, it will be possible to increase the 
periodic cut. The present annual sustained yield for the Brooloo Forest (Q.) 
of 40,000 acres has been fixed at 4,000,000 feet. When fully stocked, it is 
estimated that it will produce from 20 to 40 million superficial feet of hoop pine 
per annum. 
93. Pending their organisation, State forests should be withheld from 
immediate exploitation, whenever it is practicable to divert cutting to timber 
reserves, ordinary Crown lands, leascholds, or private property. I regard this 
policy as of paramount importance to Australian forestry. The timber 
resources carried by those lands must be utilised to the uttermost. Every stick 
destroyed in clearing for settlement means equivalent loss to the permanent 
reservations. 
94. A silvicultural advance may be initiated by the attachment to timber 
sale agreements or licenses of essential provisos. Compensation for any added 
labour cost should be arranged in fixing royalties. 
95. The correct appraisal of stumpage values is fundamental to the insti- 
tution of forest management. An intensive study of labour, freight, and 
market conditions is essential to its solution. ; 
