AUSTRALIAN RECOMMENDATIONS. XIII. 
The American lesson for Australia is that development must start 
from the rock bottom of established facts. 
The vehicles are policy, forest organisation, silvicultural 
research, and annual working plans. 
106. Each Forest Service needs urgently legislative enactment vesting in 
it :—(1) An adequate forest estate ; (2) wide powers of technical management ; 
(3) authority to reinvest forest revenue in the forest business. 
107. The reports and maps resulting from forest survey should be 
employed as the basis of the working plan. Division of the area is fundamental, 
and a tentative arrangement into convenient units of estimation, management, 
and operation, with complete road systems, should be worked out on the map. 
To the report should be attached a short prescription fixing the maximum 
periodic cut, and outlining the general timber sale policy to be applied. 
108. Silvicultural methods, based upon the results of research, and 
prepared in accordance with a standard outline, should be suggested for each 
species and each forest type. 
109. An annual working plan report should be required for each forest 
under management. In that report the year’s records and results should 
be assembled and discussed, and plans for the ensuing period sketched, This 
annual report would be actually the living working plan, whose normal growth 
would bring in course of time the final working plan, which prescribes the 
policy of management not for one year but for twenty. 
(5.) Reforestation and Afforestation. 
r 110. Artificial regeneration of forests in Australia by planting is justified 
only :— 
(a) Where natural regeneration has failed. 
(0) Where waste lands, burns, and watersheds are to be afforested. 
(c) Where cheap exotic softwoods, not replaceable by native timbers, 
must be produced. ~ 
In contrast to the high New Zealand expenditure of at least £7 
per acre, is the American one of 25s. per acre, due to improved 
nursery and planting methods. 
111. I recommend the introduction of scientific management into nursery 
and planting practice in Australia. 
112. The following devices should be imported into afforestation work 
in Australia. 
(a) The Savenac threading board and threading table. 
() The transplanting rake and trenching hoe. 
(c) The Feigly tree digger for lifting plants for stock distribution. 
(d@) The packing-machine and the bundle method. 
(ec) The modified trenching plough. 
(f) The United States of America Forest Service planting bag and 
tool. 
113. Planting operations should be restricted at present to the most 
favourable areas, with a view to developing successful methods capable of 
application to less-favoured sites. 
114. The United States of America planting formation and methods 
should be adopted. 
115. The ground should be prepared for planting only just so far as is 
absolutely necessary. In many cases there should be no preparation. 
