HOW ARE WE TO IMPROVE? 331 



the labour of the gardener, and the abundant crops might 

 often save him from the grumblings that are sometimes 

 known to accompany large garden expenditure and a 

 scarcity of vegetables and fruits. 



Having said so much in favour of good orchard 



culture it behoves me to give the names of the kinds 



of hardy fruit that do best as standard orchard trees :— 



Pears: Jersey Gratioli, Doyenne du Cornice, Citron des 



Cannes, Jargonelle, Williams's Bon Chretien, Aston 



Town, Beurre de Capi'aumont, Louise Bonne of Jersey, 



Suffolk Thorn, Thompson's Pear, Beurre d'Amanlis, Swan's 



Egg, Croft Castle, Doyenne d'Ete, Comte de Lamy, 



Knight's Monarch, Althorpe Crassane, Marie Louise, and 



Beurre Superfin. Apples : Borovitsky, Early Harvest, Irish 



Peach, Joanneting, Summer Golden Pippin, Lord Suffield, 



Keswick Codlin, Adams's Pearmain, Blenheim Pippin, Cox's 



Orange Pippin, Early Nonpareil, Golden Pippin, Ribston 



Pippin, Sykehouse Russet, Bedfordshire Foundling, Haw- 



thornden, Yorkshire Greening, Golden Noble, Court Pendu 



Plat, Golden Harvey, Sam Young, Sturmer Pippin, Beauty 



of Kent, DumeloVs Seedling, Royal Pearmain, Tower 



of Glammis, and Pitmaston Nonpareil. Plums : Pond's 



Seedling, Early Rivers, Orleans, Gisborne's, Victoria, Prince 



Englebert, and Damson. Cherries ■ May Duke, Early 



Prolific, Bigarreau, Late Duke, Knight's Early Black, Belle 



Agathe, Rival, and Mammoth. Apricots (for standard trees 



in the southern counties) : Breda, Brussels, Turkey, and 



Moorpark. Figs . Black Tschia, Brown Ischia, Brown 



Turkey, and Courcourcelle Blanche. These would be better 



grown as shrubs, with low sweeping branches, and buried in 



the ground in winter to save them from the frosts, as the 



French do about Argenteuil. Medlars : The Nottingham is 



the best kind. Nuts : Lambert's Filbert (Kentish cob) is 



the best; Purple Filbert, Pearson's Prolific, and Cosford 



also good. Of the Quinces the Portugal is the best. The 



Berberry is rarely cultivated, though worth that trouble. 



Where the fruit is much in request, it would be a good 



plan to inclose the orchard with a dense hedge of this shrub. 



The stoneless variety is the best, but it is not easy to get the 



