438 THE NEW FRUIT GARDEN OF THE CITY OF PARIS 



best modes of protection, and also the best way of applying 

 those most commonly in use ; and the use of neat straw 

 mats for protecting walls is very common in France. Posts 

 of pine wood five or six inches in diameter are employed 

 to support the espaliers, because they are cheap ; and, to 



Pear trained in Vase form, with the branches crossed. The branches are 

 grafted by approach where they cross each other, and the tree rendered 

 self-supporting. It is somewhat better than the preceding form, and as 

 easy to make. 



secure their durability, they are thoroughly saturated with 

 blue vitriol before being erected. This is a cumbrous 

 and bad plan, the kind of fruit trellises employed at Ver- 

 sailles being neater, more durable, and in every way so 

 superior that I am astonished that anybody who has seen 



