BOURG-LA-llEINE. 623 



placed a little above the surface, and as the new crop of 

 roots given off by the Pear will enter the ground from this 

 positioD, it need hardly be said that the surface must be 

 gradually raised towards the base of the tree by means of 

 suitable turfy loam, so as to encourage the new roots. 

 Considering the inconsiderate way that the Quince has 

 been recommended for all soils, this mode should prove 

 useful. 



In another part of the town the Ecole Normale of the 

 department has a garden behind it for the purpose of 

 teaching the pupils fruit culture. Here double or super- 

 imposed cordons of the Lady Apple bore fruit in great 

 abundance. The walls were made of the dried stems of the 

 common Reed, nailed between rough and cheap wooden 

 framework, the mass of stems being about two inches thick. 

 A flat board nailed along the top at about seven feet from 

 the ground, afforded about eight inches of coping. The wall 

 of the school for about four feet from the ground was very 

 neatly covered with dwarf Peach trees which bore a fair 

 «rop, and neatly covered a space generally left naked. 



Boukg-la-Reine. — The very extensive nurseries of Jamin 

 and Durand in this neighbourhood are full of interest to 

 the fruit-grower. In addition to the nursery proper there 

 are two fruit gardens — one belonging to M. Durand and 

 the other to M. Jamin, both recently formed, and likely to 

 prove of much interest to the fruit-grower by and by. 

 Many French nurserymen have in addition to the 

 ground devoted to the raising and training of young 

 trees a private garden or " school " of fruit culture, in 

 which the various kinds may be seen in a developed 

 state. The garden recently established by M. F. Jamin 

 has been well walled in, the walls of stone having a 

 coping of overlapping tiles, which project about nine 

 inches. This is, perhaps, as cheap and good a coping 

 as any in use, and its effect is neat, much more so than 

 that of other tile copings employed here. The walls are 

 all wired closely and effectively with the galvanized wire 

 and the raidisseur. The walls with the warmest and best 

 aspects are planted with Peaches and winter Pears, and 



