Cope.) 240 [Dee. 21, 
caudals of this one. The sides of the centrum are strongly concave, and 
the borders of the cup flaring. The neural arch is everywhere excavated, 
so as to reduce the bulk, and produce lightness so far as consistent with 
strength. The diapophysis rises from a point above the neural canal. It 
sends a narrow ridge down to the sides of the latter, on each side of which 
its shaft and base are deeply excavated. The posterior of these foss:e is 
overlooked by the wide zygapophysis ; and the roof of the anterior one 
supports the anterior zygapophysis. The former are separated by another 
and vertical septum, which bifurcates below, forming two prominent bor- 
ders of the neural canal. At each side of the base of the neural] canal] there 
are two trilateral fosse, of which the anterior is much the larger and ex- 
tends higher upon the lateral edge of the spine, They are separated by a 
lamina. The diapophysis is not very long and is subtriangular in section 
near the extremity. The neural spine is thickened at the extremity as 
though for the attachment of a huge ligament, At the summit of its pos- 
terior basal fossa, at the middle of its height, is an outwardly curved pro- 
cess with a smooth extero-superior face. 
Measurements. M. 
Length of Centrum. scvieasess csadunnsdwewavaree.deaaes 2275 
Total elevation of vertebra............. sees eee eer ees .830 
Elevation to posterior zygapophyses....... 0.0... ee eee 550 
“ of superior edge of diapophysis above centrum .350 
es “ neural spine above posterior zygapophyses.. .295 
Length of diapophysis behind....... .....--..ec ee eee 215 
Depth of extremity of do. (restored)...............24. 075 
Transverse extent of summit of neural spine........... 215 
ee «e neural spine at middle............ 330 
In a dorsal vertebra from a more posterior position, the centrum is larger. 
The capitular costal articulation occupies a lower position, its inferior edge 
being in line with summit of the neural canal. The lamina which supports 
it is separated from the anterior lamina which is at the base of the diapo- 
physis, by a deep cavernous sinus. The posterior zygapophyses send up- 
wards to the broad neural spine a median buttress each, which enclose a 
fossa with the marginal buttress of the same. The hyposphen is repre- 
sented by a vertical lamina only. 
M. 
Total elevation of vertebra.......... 0.0. se ee eeee cena .900 
Elevation of neural spine. ...........0. cece ee ee eee e eee 800 
a ce 6 distally siss .cs cmaesdscldane 280 
Diameter posterior articular face of centrum............ .360 
A lumbar vertebra displays a greater expanse of the posterior articular 
extremity, which is expanded like a dish. The neural arch and transverse 
processes have a small fore and aft diameter, and the lateral caverns at the 
base of the diapophysis are obsolete. The pneumatic foramina are slight- 
ly higher than long. Posterior zygopophyses are wanting. 
