1877. ORIGIN OF THE WILL. - 445 
sciousness being only present at the commencements of the several 
processes. It is probable that the organization of mental functions 
was at the first identical with the so-called organic functions,’ so 
far as they consist of mechanical movements ; and that the latter 
early became reflex and devoid of eoneeiouenese developing sub- 
sequent forms through mechanical causes. The organization of 
mental functions, on the other hand, was by continued education, 
which requires the presence of consciousness at every step. 
The well-known fact of the inheritance of mental qualities, 
shows that the evolution of mind has advanced by a continued 
process of accumulation as the product of animal experiences. The 
new generation has inherited the organization of the old, and all 
the reflex and automatic activities entailed by it,and has proceeded 
in proportion to its activity to acquire new experiences, habits and. 
organization. 
V. THE BEGINNINGS OF DEVELOPMENT. 
(@) THE FEELINGS, 
The intellectual faculties of every animal thus belong to two 
classes: first, those which have been inherited; and second, those 
which it has acquired by its own experiences. Of course progress 
consists in accessions to the latter class, since inheritance without 
addition is mere repetition. If no acquisitions were made, or to 
be made, the mental, z. ¢, the cerebral organization inherited by 
animals would continually repeat the form of their actions as un- 
erringly as the nature of a machine gives the character to the 
movements propagated through its wheels and cranks. That much 
the larger proportion of animal acts are of this class, that is, ave 
automatic, there can be no room to doubt. With an impetus to 
movement given, the strongest liking or disliking selects the object 
or direction, and the reason furnishes the mode of acquisition or 
avoidance. The known past teaches of the unknown future, and 
the established circle of the functions of life is fulfilled. But 
without acquisitions, development is impossible. 
Acquisitions to experience are gained by movements of the 
body, and hence by the mental activity to which the latter are due. 
But it is evident that the primary movement has precedence in the 
order of time over the feeling which deflects it, or the experience 
3 See On Consciousness in Evolution, Penn Monthly, 1875, Aug., where this view is 
held. F 
