2 
tery and the use of the bow and arrow were advances of much 
more importance than we can now well conceive. The discovery 
and making of the bow and arrow, simple as we now consider the 
method to be, was only attained after the expiration of ages. 
In the discovery of the art of weaving, man became at last in- 
dependent of the wild animals and of their migrations, as a source 
of supply of clothing; and by domestication of animals, he was 
enabled to control them also for the purpose of furnishing him 
with food. In spite of all the changes of the seasons, he could 
then keep his flocks and herds and make his stuffs, and clothe him- 
self and his families, He ceased to rely upon the chase, and be- 
came pastoral. Here we have the indication of one of the great 
stages in the progress of man. But, until agriculture was dis- 
covered and manufacturing as a separate occupation was com= 
menced, he was compelled to be nomadic; he was‘under the ne+ 
cessity of moving his tent from place to place, in order to find 
food for his flocks and herds. When agriculture came, civilization 
in its true sense began. When the soil of one locality was capa- 
ble of yielding food year after year, so that there was a surplus, 
commerce had a serious beginning. One set of men could pro- 
duce food enough for all, and another set of men could then have 
time to make clothing for all; and so food and clothing became 
interchangeable, according to the people’s needs, and organized 
society, with its commerce, had its origin. 
But in order to carry on agriculture and the chase, something 
more than stone hatchets and stone diggers were necessary. Hence, 
doubtless, the experiments in the effort to utilize more tenacious 
metals were innumerable. Then was discovered the working of 
soft metals occuring native, such as copper; an important advance. 
Later, success crowned the efforts of early man when the dis- 
covery of the art of working iron was made, and a wonderful im- 
petus to his control over nature was given. We are all familiar 
with the results that followed. New weapons were made. The 
building of larger vessels to float upon the water, and the creation 
of new hand machinery, necessarily became possible. When in 
modern times steam was harnessed, all processes were accelerated 
tenfold, and now electricity has bound the human race together 
so that the most rapid interchange can take place in answer to 
all demands; and supplies of food and clothing need no longer be 
