19 
the Himalaya region. Several’ other recent species have been 
named, but they are said by some authors to be vatieties only of 
the S. primevus. 
Synagodus, Cope, gen. nov. 
The characters of this genus have been pointed out in the ana- 
lytical key. They are evidently as important as those which 
define the divisions which are regarded as genera by naturalists. 
It is not unlikely that the typical species has been heretofore esti- 
mated as a variety of Canis fanuiliaris, but it exhibits two tren- 
chant generic dental characters not found in Canis, and three 
unique specific characters in the teeth, besides two characters of 
the cranium found in but one or two of the subspecies of Canis 
Familiaris. 
The generic characters alluded to are: (1) the absence of the 
second inferior tubercular molar, and (2) the absence of the in- 
ternal tubercle of the inferior sectorial. The absence of the second 
inferior tubercular is evidently not one of those abnormal cases 
which occur in various species of Canis from time to time; for the 
first tubercular molar is smaller than in any known species of 
Canis, and has but one root, a character which some persons 
might regard as being the third of the generic category. The 
premolars are 4—4, and of the usual form; the first in both jaws is 
one-rooted. 
It is uncertain whether any species of this genus exists in the 
wild state. Should such not be the case, we can only predicate 
the former existence of such an one entirely different from the 
Canis familiaris, and which has given origin to the existing one 
below described. 
Synagodus mansuetus, sp. nov. 
Two crania represent this species in the Museum of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences. They agree in all essential particulars. The 
incisor and premolar teeth present no peculiarities (the latter are 
without marginal lobes), and the superior sectorial is normal. The 
first tubercular has less transverse extent than in the Canzde 
generally, and its median crest and inner cingulum are con- 
founded, a character which I have not found in any of the other 
species accessible. Thus the crown of this tooth consists of an 
external pair of tubercles, a basin, and a stout inner marginal 
‘ prominence. ‘The second tuberculars are abnormally small in one 
& te 
