ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

 Female Cone and Scales in Abietineae, - - 721 

 Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pine {Pinus Pumilio), 111 

 The Scotch Pine {Pinus sylvestris), - - - 723 

 The AroUa Pine (Pinus Cembra), ■ - - 724 

 Wdioitschia mirabilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorse: Examples of the Lily Alliance, - - 729 

 Aspkodelus ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax {Phormium tenax), ■ - 731 

 Adam's Needle ( I'licca gloriosa), ... 732 



.Echmea panicidata (family Bromeliaceae), - - 733 

 The Traveller's Tree {HavenalaMadagascariensis), 735 

 Angr(Bcum eburneum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 



tree-trunk, --..-.. 

 Curled Pondweed {Potamogeton crispus), 

 Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



(Calamus) and Areca disticha, 

 Aroids (Arum maculatUTn, Colocasia antiquoruTn, 



&o.), 



Rapkidophora decursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, 

 Climbing Aroids (Philodendron pertusum and P. 



Jmbe) with cord-like aerial roots, 

 Papyrus Plant (Papyrus antiquorum) in the Upper 



Nile, 



Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa), - . - 

 Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, - 

 Daphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, ------- 753 



" Living bridge " formed of the aerial roots of 



the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 



Sikkim-Himalaya, . . - - . 

 Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak (Quercus sessiliflora), ■ 

 The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica), 

 Caprifoliales : Ipecacuanha (Cephaelis Ipecacu- 

 anha), ....... 



Ericales : Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 



(Arbutus Unedo), - . . - . 



Acanthace«: Acanthus vioUis, .... 

 Ranunculacese : Black Hellebore and Mousetail, - 

 The Indian Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, 

 Parietales: sections of fiower-bud and ovary, 

 Disciflorse: Euonymus, Quassia, &c., - 

 Crateranthse: sections of flowers, 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, ..... 

 Melastomacese: Melastoitia Malabathricum, 

 Cactacese : several species of Cactus, - 

 Umbellales: Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 

 Fairy Pangs in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 



formed by the asoomycetous fungus Spathu- 



laria fiavida, ... - 

 Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 



growth leads to the formation of colonies 



arranged in lines and clusters, 



737 

 739 



741 



742 



743 



744 



747 

 749 

 751 



758 

 759 

 760 

 761 



764 



769 

 772 

 773 



775 

 776 

 778 

 779 



782 

 783 

 787 

 789 



- 791 



796 



Page 

 A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia, 799 

 Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



a,ei'ia,l runners in Saxifraga flagellaris, - 801 



Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-rance) ; winter buds 



in process of detachment, ... - 804 

 Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, - - 805 

 Trichia clavaia, showing capillitium and spores, - 813 

 Dispersal of spores by wind : spore-capsules in 



damp and in dry weather, - - - - 814 

 Spores of the Horse-tail (Equisetum Telmateja), - 815 

 Polygonum vivipavwm and its aerial tubers, - 819 



Houseleek (Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 

 shaped offshoots, . - - - - 821 

 The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphyllum, 822 

 The formation of offshoots in Kleinia articulata, 823 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms, - 825 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, . - - . . 829 

 Sling-fruits: Ecballium elaterium, Oxalis Aceto- 



seUa, 834 



Sling-fruits: seven examples, - - - . 835 

 Catapult fruits: five examples, . - - - 841 

 Fruits which creep or hop along the ground, - 843 

 Creeping and hopping fruits, - - - - 844 

 Fruits which open upon being wetted with 



water, ------- 845 



Examples of fruits and seeds dispersed by the 



wind, --.--.- 848 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind: Plantago 



C'retica, 849 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 852 

 Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind : thirteen 



examples, ------- 853 



Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind : ten 



examples, ------- 854 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 855 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind (Cotton, 



&c.), 856 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind (Groundsel, 



Dandelion, &c.), - 857 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 858 

 Seeds of the Orchid Vanda teres, - ■ - 859 

 Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind 



(Thistle), 860 



Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind ( Vanda, 



Tillandsia), 862 



Examples of sticky fruits, - . - - - 870 

 Fruits which hook on to or stick into passing 



objects, ------- 871 



Fruits furnished with hooks, ... - 873 



Fruits with hooks, 874 



Fruits with needle-like spines, - - - - 875 



Bamboo Forest in Ceylon, 890 



Mangrove Forest in India, . • . ■ 891 



