290 THE CROSSING OF FLOWERS. 



Class. 



10. DECANDRIA. Ten stamens in each flower; e.g. Rue (Buta; see fig. 290), Phytolacca 



(see fig. 28310). 



11. DODECANDRIA. Number of stamens not quite definite, 11-20 in each flower; e.g. 



Mignonette {Reseda), House-leek (Sempervivum), Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupa- 

 toria ; see figs. 285 ^ and 285 '^). 



12. ICOSANDRIA. More than twenty stamens in each flower, situated on the edge of 



the cup-shaped receptacle (or calyx-tube), their position, therefore, being above 

 or 071 a level with the stigma; e.g. Rose (Bosa), Almond {Amygdalus), Caly- 

 canihus; see fig. 285*) Chrysohalanus (see fig. 285*). 



13. POLYANDRIA. 20-200 stamens in each flower, springing from the receptacle below 



the pistil; e.g. Poppy (Papaver), Lime (Tilia; see figs. 284 ^ and 284 2) and 

 Anemone (see fig. 284*) 



In the 14th and 15th Classes Linnaeus puts all Phanerogams with herma- 

 phrodite flowers in which the stamens are unequal in length. 



14. DIDYNAMIA. Includes flowers with four stamens, two long and two short; e.g. the 



Foxglove {Digitalis), Snapdragon {Antirrhinum; see fig. 284°). 



15. TETRAD YNAMI A. Includes flowers with six stamens, four long and two short; 



e.g. Mustard {Sinapis), Wall-flower {Cheiranthus), Bitter-cress {Cardamine; see 

 figs. 284 ' and 284 s). 



The 16th-20th Classes include all Phanerogams whose stamens are joined in 



any way either to one another or to the pistil. They are distinguished 



from one another thus : — 



16. MONADELPHIA. The filaments of all the stamens of a flower are joined into a tube; 



e.g. Tamarind {Tamarindus Indica; see fig. 284^), Hollyhock {Althcea), Mallow 

 {Malva), Baobab {Adansonia; see fig. 2841"). 



17. DIADELPHIA. The filaments of the stamens are united and form two groups; e.g. 



Milkwort {Polygala), Fumitory {Fumaria; see figs. 285* and 285*). 



18. POLYADELPHIA. The filaments of the stamens are united and form three or more 



groups; e.g. St. John's Wort {Hypericum), Melaleuca; (see figs. 284* and 284*). 



19. SYNGENESIA. The anthers of the stamens in each flower are joined together into a 



tube; e.g. in Lobelia, Hawkweed {Eieracium; see figs. 222* and 222', p. 112). 



20. GYNANDRIA. The stamens are united with the pistil; e.g. the Orchids: Phalcenopsis, 



(see figs. 258 ^ and 258 \ p. 227); Cypripedium (see figs. 267 i and 267 ^, p. 249); 

 Epipactis; see figs. 268^ and 268*, p. 255); also the Birthwort {Aristolochia; 

 see figs. 284" and 284"). 



Now come those plants whose flowers are not hermaphrodite or not all herma- 

 phrodite, and these are distinguished in the following way : — 



21. MONQilCIA. Flowers moncecious, i.e. the flowers which contain only stamens or only 



pistils, are separated but grow on the same plant, e.g. the Maize {Zea Mais), the 

 Oak {Quercus; see fig. 286); the Castor-oil Plant {Bicinus; see figs. 285' and 

 285 8), Cretan (see figs. 285 " and 285 '^), lAquidambar (see figs. 285 » and 285 "). 



22. DIQ3CIA. Flowers dioecious, i.e. the flowers containing stamens only are found on 



certain plants, and those with pistils only on other plants; e.g. the Willow 

 {Salix; see fig. 287). 



23. POLYG-AMIA. Flowers polygamous, i.e. staminate, pistillate, and hermaphrodite 



flowers are all found either on the same or on difi'erent plants, in various ways; 

 e.g. the Ash {Fraxinus; see fig. 230, p. 138). 



24. CRYPTOGAMIA. Includes Non-flowering Plants. 



