GLOSSARY. 



Abscission, the natural cutting off of members by 



means of a layer of separation. 

 Absciss-layer, a layer of separation. See above. 

 Acaulescent, stemless, or apparently so. 

 Accrescent, applied to the parts connected with the 



flower, as the calyx, &c., which increase in size 



after flowering. 

 Acerosae, Alex. Braun's term for the Coniferas. 

 Achene, a dry indehiscent 1 -celled 1 -seeded fruit. 

 Achlamydeous, used of flowering plants which have 



no calyx or coroDa. 

 Acicular, bristle- or needle-shaped. 

 Acotyledones, old term (De Jussieu) for non-flower- 

 ing plants. 

 Acramphibrya, Endlicher's term for Dicotyledons 



and Gymnosperms, regarded as plants growing 



both at the apex and at the sides. 

 Acrobrya, Endlicher's term for plants growing at 



the apex only. 

 Acrocarpous, said of Mosses which produce their 



fruit (sporogonia) at the tips of their shoots. 

 Acrodromous. See vol. i. p. 633, fig. 150'. 

 Actinomorphic, applied to flowers which may be 



divided vertically into similar halves through two 



or more planes. 

 Aculei, slender, rigid prickles, growing from the 



bark, as in the Rose. 

 Adhesion, the union of parts normally separate. 

 Adnata, congenitaUy united or grown together. 

 Adventitious buds, buds produced out of their 



regular order, 

 ^cidiura, in Uredinete, a cup-Uke collection of spores 



which are budded off from the base of the cup. 

 .Estivation, the folding of the parts of a flower in 



the bud. 

 Aggregate fruit, a fruit formed by the crowding 



together of distinct carpels ; the product of a single 



gynceceum when that gynceceum is apocarpous. 

 Aggregation, the condition of extreme activity of 



the stalk-cells of the tentacles of a Drosera-leaf, 



resulting from mechanical or chemical stimulation. 

 Akinetes, in Green Algae, are single ceDs of the 



thallus, whose original walls thicken, and which 



separate from the rest of the thallus; they corre- 

 spond to the chlamydospores of Fungi. 

 Alae, descriptive term applied to the two lateral 



members or wings of a papilionaceous corolla. 

 Albumen, any form of nutritive matter stored within 



the seed and about the embryo. 

 Albuminous, containing albumen, as in the seeds of 



grain, Palms, &c. 

 Aleurone-grains, grainsof nitrogenous food-material 



frequently stored in the reserve-tissues of seeds. 

 Alga, a chlorophyll-containing member of the Thallo- 



phyta ; one of the plants, the best known of which 



are called Sea-weeds. 



Alliance, a group of alhed families or orders. 

 Amentaceous, having amenta or catkins ; consisting 



of or resembling a catkin. 

 Amentum, a catkin. See Catkin. 

 Amoeboid movements, constant changes of shape 



resembling those of the " Proteus animalcule " 



Amceba. 



Amphibious, said of plants such as can live either in 

 the water or in the air. 



Amphibrya, EndUcher's term for the Monocoty- 

 ledons. 



Amphicarpium, an archegonium when it persists, 

 after fertilization, as a fruit envelope. 



Amphigastria, in Liverworts: certain small scales or 

 leaves on the ventral side of the oophyte generation. 



Amphigonium, used sometimes by Kemer as a 

 synonym for archegonium. 



Amplexicaul, nearly surrounding or clasping the 

 stem : used of the leaf base in certain cases. 



Amylum, starch. 



Anaphyte, an old term of the nature-philosophers 

 by which the potential independence of every 

 branch or shoot was indicated. 



Anastomose, to inosculate or run into each other; 

 to communicate with each other like arteries and 

 veins. 



Anatomy, the intimate structure of plants. 



Anatropous, said of that form of ovule in which, 

 although the nucellus is straight, the micropyle is 

 bent down to the point of attachment of the funicle, 

 and in which the body of the ovule is united to the 

 funicle, which latter structure is known as the 

 raphe. 



Andrcecium, the collective term for the stamens of 

 a flower. 



Androgonidia, the cells which in Volvox give rise to 

 spermatozoids. 



Androspores, name given to the particular zoospores 

 which in OEdogonium give rise to miniature plants, 

 termed dwarf-males. 



Anemophilous, applied to flowers whose pollen is 

 conveyed by the agency of wind; having flowers 

 fertihzed by wind-borne pollen. 



Animalcule, a vague term applied to small motile 

 organisms in water. 



Anisogametes, sexual cells, which show a differen- 

 tiation into male and female. 



Annulus, (1) in Agarics: the ring which of ten remains 

 round the stalk (stipe), and was originally attached 

 to the edge of the pileus ; the remains of the velum 

 partiale; (2) in the Moss-capsule: the ring of cells 

 which brings about the throwing-off of the opercu- 

 lum; (3) in the Fern-sporangium: a conspicuous 

 row of cells running vertically, obUquely, &;c., around 

 the sporangium, by the contraction of which dehis- 

 cence takes place. 



Anophyta, Endlicher's term for the Muscineae. 



