912 



GLOSSARY. 



Anther, the polKiiiferous part of a stamen; the sac 

 or cavity in which the pollen is contained. 



Antheridium, a male sexual organ, usually producing 

 motile spermatozoids. 



Anthocyanin, a purple sap-pigment frequent in 

 foliage and flowers. 



Antholysis, literally a "loosened" flower, i.e. a 

 flower in which the various parts have become more 

 or less foliacious, and from which inferences can be 

 drawn as to the morphological nature of the com- 

 ponent parts. 



Anthophyta, Alex. Braun's name for the Phanero- 

 gamia. 



Anthoxanthin, the yellow pigment of flowers and 

 fruits. 



Antipodal cells, a group of three cells at the ohala- 

 zal end of the embryo-sac of Angiosperms. 



Apetalas, Dicotyledons destitute of a corolla. 



Aplanospore, a non-motile asexual reproductive ceD 

 of the Green AlgEe. 



Apocarpous, said when the carpels of a gynoeceum 

 are separate. 



Apophysis, a swelling under the base of the theca in 

 some Mosses. 



Apothecium, the disc-like receptacle of an Ascomy- 

 cetous Fungus. 



Arbor, a tree. 



Arbuscula, a little or dwarf tree. 



Archegonium, in the higher Cryptogams the flask- 

 shaped female sexual organ with neck and venter, 

 the latter containing an egg-cell, the former canal- 

 cells. 



Archesporium, a cell or group of cells from which 

 spore mother-cells are produced. 



Archichlamydeae, a large group of Dicotyledons, 

 including the old groups Polypetalaa and Incom- 

 pletee. 



Areolated, marked with little areas ; divided into 

 small areas by intersecting Hnes. 



Aril, an investment to a seed which arises after ferti- 

 lization. It is usually succulent. 



Arthrospore, a form of spore produced in the Schizo- 

 mycetes by the segmentation of the tubes into cells. 



Arundinaceous, reed-like. 



Ascidiform, like a pitcher ; pitcher-shaped. 



Ascidium, a pitcher ; an appendage somewhat re- 

 sembling a pitcher. See Pitcher. 



Ascus, a form of sporangium characteristic of certain 

 Fungi. It is generally tubular and contains eight 

 spores, the ascospores. 



Ash, the inorganic residue which is left after a plant 

 has been burned. 



Assimilation, as used here, the building of a plant- 

 substance from the nutriment of the environment. 

 Often restricted to the manufacture of carbo-hydrate 

 from carbonic acid and water. 



Asyngamic, used of plants which are prevented from 

 intercrossing by the fact of their non-simultaneous 

 periods of flowering. Nearly related species can 

 thus inhabit the same spot without hybrids ever 

 being formed. 



*' Attire ", an archaic term, applied by Grew to the 

 stamens. 



Auricle, an ear-shaped appendage. 



Autogamy, self-poUination, ultimately self-fertiliza- 

 tion. 



Autonomous movements, spontaneous; originating 

 from inherent tendency. 



Auxospore, the reproductive cell of a Diatom. See 



vol. ii. p. 626. 

 Awn, a bristle - like appendage, especially in the 



glumes of Grasses. 

 Axis, essentially the stem. The root is also an axis. 

 Azygospore, term given to the " zygospore " when 



it is formed parthenogenetically with conjugation. 



Bacterium, one of the micro-organisms concerned in 



putrefaction: a term rather widely applied to any 



member of the Schizomycetes. 

 Barbs, the retrorse appendages of bristles, or the 



teeth on leaf -margins. 

 Bark, the usually hard outer investment of a peren 



nial stem (or root) which has arisen in connection 



with a cork-cambium ; actually it includes the 



products of the cork-cambium and whatsoever is 



external to it. 

 Basidium, a cell from which spores or conidia are 



produced by a process of abstriction. 

 Bast, inner bark ; a special tissue : soft-hast, the 



phloem — includes sieve-tubes and other non-har- 

 dened phloem-elements ; hard-hast, the thickened 



prosenchymatous elements or bast-fibres. 

 Bastard, a term sometimes given to a hybrid. 

 Bedeguar, name given to the mossy red galls on 



the common Wild Rose. 

 Berry, a fruit the whole pericarp of which is succulent. 

 Bilabiate, two-lipped. 

 Bizzaria, a fruit, part Orange, part Citron. See vol. 



ii. p. 569. 

 Blendling, a name given to a hybrid arising by the 



crossing of " races ". 

 Blossom, cf. vol. ii. p. 71. 

 Brachydodromous, used of leaf-veins. See vol. i. 



p. 630. 

 Bract, a leaf subtending a flower. 

 Bract-scale, the lower member of the duplex scale 



of the female cone of Pine, Fir, &c. 

 Break back, a term used by gardeners to convey the 



idea of reversion. Thus flowers break back or revert 



to an ancestral type. 

 Bud, the as yet unexpanded rudiment of a shoot ; it 



comprehends both axial and foUar portions. 

 Bu'b (bulbus), a bud consisting of an abbreviated axis 



with fleshy scale-leaves in which food-material is 



stored. Usually subterranean. 

 Bulbil, a deciduous bud, usually formed on an aerial 



part of a plant. Occasionally used for a little bulb. 



Callus, the heaUng tissue which closes up the wounds 

 of plants. The same term is given to a mucilaginous 

 substance which arises on the sieve-plates of the 

 sieve-tubes, closing them. The latter is of course 

 quite a different structure, and to distinguish it 

 from the former may be called callose. 



Calyptra, the hood which is raised up on the sporo- 

 gonium of a Moss. It is the ruptured upper portion 

 of the archegonium. 



Calyx, the outer whorl of the perianth, consisting of 



Cambiform cells, cells resembling cambium cells ; 

 thin-walled, tapering cells found in the phloem ac- 

 companying the sieve-tubes, companion-cells, and 

 bast-fibres. 



Cambium, a layer of tissue formed between the wood 

 and the bark, and consisting partly of nascent wood, 

 partly of nascent bark. 



