Callophora utUis, Amazon, latex, i 470 



Calluno, pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



OaUuna vulgaris, and grazing animals, i. 445 



distribution and range, i. 305, 526. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



pollination, ii. 129. 



sheltered poUen, ii. 107. 



Callus, buds from, ii. 30. 



— formation in leaf-outtings, ii. 42. 

 Calotharanus, unprotected poUen, 11. 107, 



^92, 782. 

 Caltha, trabecule in palisade cells i 374. 

 Caltrop. See Tribulus. 

 Calycantbus, flower, icosandria, ii. 29a 



— fnut. ii. 434; poUen-grains, U. 99. 



— scent, ii. 200. 

 Calyceracefc, ii. 765. 

 Calyciflora;, of De Candolle, ii. 603. 

 Calyptra, of Bryum, &c., ii. 479, 700. 

 Calyx, accessory iu fruit formation, ii. 433 



— sestivation, ii. 210. 



— and autogamy, ii. 366. 



— application of term, i. 641. 



— inflated, protection by, ii. 238. 

 Cambium, i. 469, 476. 



— in Isoetes, i. 717. 



— of Lamiaaria, ii. 662. 



Camelina sativa, gall-mites and floral meta- 

 morphosis, ii. 548. 



■ germination constant, i. 558. 



Camellia, and ancient crossing, ii. 555. 

 ^ double hybrids, ii. 576. 



— host of Mycoidea, ii. 653. 

 Hamellia Japonica, scantier, ii. 209. 

 Campanula and Arnica Montana, &c., colour- 

 contrast, ii. 193. 



— and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— autogamy, ii. 361. 



— bell, as insect shelter, ii 163. 



— oleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— diversity of pollen protection, ii, 128. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



— poUen-grains, ii. 100. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 128. US, 113 



— seed-diapersal, ii. 447. 



— storing of pollen, ii. 359. 

 Campanula barbata, autogamy, ii. 362. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



temperature within flower, i. 501. 



Campanula carpatica, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Campanula persicifolia, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 flower and autogamy, ii. 360. 



■ pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Campanula patnla, protection of pollen, ii 



121. 

 Campanula pusilla, elevation and coloration 

 ii. 511. 



leaf-mosaic, i. 410. 



leaf -rosette, i. 411. 



Campanula pyramidalis, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Campanula rapunculoides, autogamy, ii. 362. 



capsules in dry and wet weather, ii. 448. 



Campanula rotundif olia, protection of pollen, 



ii. 128. 

 Campanula spicata, autogamy, ii. 362. 



protection of pollen, ii. 113. 



Campanula Trachelium, autogamy, ii. 363. 



foliaceous stamen, ii. 86, 88. 



white and blue-flowered individuals, ii. 



193. 

 Campanula Zoisii, pull of roots, i. 768. 

 Campanulaceffi, ii. 767. 



— protandrous, ii, 312. 



— storage of poUen, ii. 94. 



Campelia Zanonia, root-hairs of, i. 224. 



Camphora officinahs, or 0. oflBcinarum, dehis- 

 cence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93, 753- 



Camphor Tree. See Camphora officinalis. 



Camponotus .^thiops and Jurinea Mollis, ii 

 243. 



Campylodiscus spiralis, ii 626. 



CampylodromouB venation, i. 633, 634. 



Campylopus, vegetative propagation, ii. 816. 



Campylopua fragilis, brood-body, ii. 23. 



propagation from leaves, it 458. 



Campylotropous ovule, i. 644 



— seed, ii. 425. 



INDEX. 



Canadian Golden-rod. See Solidago Cana- 

 densis. 



Canadian Liaues, i. 670. 



Canal, in cell-wall, i. 45. 



Canal-cells, of neck of amphigonium, ii. 64. 

 67. 



Candles, made from Balanophoras, i. 190. 



Cane-sugar, alluring, i. 461. 



Oauker, causes of various sorts, ii 522, 523. 



Canna, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— starch, i 459. 



— venation, i. id34. 



— water-absorption by seeds, ii. 426. 

 Canna indica, ii 736. 

 CannabinaceEe, ii 758. 

 Cannabis, amount of pollen, ii. 151. 



— bas(>cells, i. 725. 



— dioecious, ii. 299. 



— poUioation. ii. 133, 143. 



Cannabis sativa, filament of stamen, ii. 88. 



fruit-protecting glands, ii. 447. 



germination constant, i 561. 



poUen-grains, ii 98. 



protogyny, ii. 313. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii 96. 



Canoacese, ii 599. 



— floral characters, ii. 736. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



Cantharellus cibarius, appearance, ii. 491. 



edible, ii. 689. 



Caoutchouc, source of, i 756. 

 Gap, of Hymenomycetes, ii 688. 



— of moss Bporogonium, ii. 15. 

 Cape, hairiness of plants, i 317. 



— heaths of, number and variety ; other 



plants with rolled leaves, i. 306. 



— spiny plants, i. 438. 



Cape bulbs, cross-fertilization, ii 301. 

 Cape of Good Hope, flora comparable to that 



of Baltic lowlands, i 305. 

 Capercailzie. See Tctrao Urogallus. 

 Capillarity, and ascent of sap, i. 269, 270. 

 Capillary action of porous cells in Leuco- 



bryum and Sphagnum, i. 220. 

 CapilUtium, mode of action, ii. 812. 



— of Gasteromycetes, ii. 690. 



— of Myxomycetes, ii. 619. 



Capitate cell, glandular, of Aldrovandia, i 

 153. 



— cells, secretory action in Pelargonium, &c., 



i 229. 



— galls on Prunus, ii. 532, 



— hairs, advantage of, i. 230. 



excretionof.restrictiveof transpiration, 



i 312. 

 Capitula, of Helosis, i 192. 

 Capitulum, i. 739. 



— 1-flowered, i 766. 



— prevalence, i, 745. 

 Caprification, ii. 160-162. 

 Caprifoliaceae, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 326. 



— protogynous, ii 312. 

 Caprifohales, ii. 763. 

 Caproic acid, ii. 202. 

 Capsella, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 CapseUa Bursarpastoris, galls on, ii. 525. 



leaves and light, i. 410. 



Capsella pauciflora, stem, i 656. 



CapsiUar envelope of spores in Florideee, ii 



62. 



— fruits, ii 431. 



Capsule, inferior, dehiscence, ii. 79. 



— nature of, ii. 430. 



— of Bryaceae, ii 702. 



— of Colchicum, ii. 729. 



— of Lathraea and Orobanche, i 181. 



— of Marchantiacese, dehiscencr, ii. 697 



— of Sphagnum cymbifolium, ii. 700. 



— restricted sense, ii. 432. 

 Capsule-gall, ii. 539. 



Capsules, seed protection and dispersal, ii, 



447. 

 Caragana, reserve buds, ii. 33. 

 Oaragana microphylla, &c., atipular spines, 



935 



Carbohydrate, conversion into albumen, i 



457. 

 Carbohydrates, conducting tissues for, i. 479. 



— formation of, i 60, 456. 



— oxidation, i 378, 495. 



— splitting up by Bacteria, i 263. 

 Carbon, i. 258. 



— chemical properties, i 452. 



— in albumen, i 457. 



Carbonate of lime. See Calcium carbonate. 



Carbon-dioside, i. 263. 



absorption by cell-wall, conversion into 



carbonic acid, i 368. 



in air, i. 79. 



in nutrition, i. 60. 



Carbonic acid, i. 235. 



absorption by earth, &c., i 83. 



conductioD by aqueous tissue, i 330. 



decomposition, i. 371, 455. 



elimination by roots, i 88. 



evolution in fermentation, i. 506. 



factors controlling absorption, i. 60. 



food-gas, transmission, i. 367. 



in symbiosis of Hepaticse with Roti- 



fera, i. 255. 



in water, efEecfc, ii. 499. 



reduction, and formation of carbohy- 

 drates, i 378. 



source of, for hydrophytes, i 260. 



source of, for lithophytes, &c., i. 61. 



sources of, i. 83. 



Cardamine, colour-contrast in inflorescence, 

 ii. 193. 



— influence of gall-mites, ii. 550. 



— rhizome and light, i 484. 

 Cardamine alpioa, autogamy, ii. 335. 



food of grub of Pieris Callidica, ii, 



488. 

 Cardamine amara, anthocyanin, i 522. 



habit and temperature, ii. 503. 



Cardamine chenopodiifolia, cleistogamy, ii 



393. 

 Cardamine hirsuta, facultative perenniai ii 



453. 

 Cardamine impatiens, seed-dispersal, ii. 835. 

 Cardamine pratensis and cuckoo-spit, ii. 544. 



artificially induced drooping, ii 123 



buds on leaves, ii. 41. 



epidermal roots, i. 766. 



flower, tetradynamia, ii 292. 



hermaphrodite, ii. 296. 



root-forming leaves, i 772. 



Cardamine trif olia, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Cardamine uliginosa, gall-mites and flower 

 metamorphosis, ii. 548. 



vegetative propagation and its cause, ii 



459. 

 Cardiospermum, tendrils, i 694. 

 Cardopatium corymbosum, cotyledons iu ger- 

 mination, i 613. 



germination, i. 611. 



Garduus, hybrids, ii. 585. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 

 Carex, ii. 719. 



— hybrids in, ii. 583. 



— pollination, ii 133, 136, 142. 



— protogynous, ii, 313. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— venation, i 634, 



Carex acuta, and cattle, i 440. 



Carex acutiformis, dichogamy and hybridiza- 

 tion, ii. 315. 



Carex aterrima and C. atrata, anthocyanin, 

 i 522. 



Carex Bcenninghausiana, hybridof C. panicu- 

 lata X C. remota, ii 586. 



Carex canescens, &c., dichogamy and hybriai- 

 zation, ii. 315. 



Carex curvula, habitat, i 113. 



Carex DavaUiaoa, &c., dioecious, ii. 299. 



Carex microglochin, hooked fruit, ii. 874. 



Carex paludosa, leaf section, i 295. 



Carex pendula, protection of stomata fron* 

 moisture, i 295. 



Carex stricta, barbs, i. 439- 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i. 294. 



