CeU-membranes. action of iodine on. i. 73. 



— behaviour iu absorption, i. 85 



- dead, swelling of. and retention of mud 



particles, i. 267. 

 Cell-nucleus. See ^'uclms. 

 teU-plate. in ceU-diviaion, i. 581 

 CeUs. absorptive. See Absoi-ption-cells 

 air-containing, as a protective covering, 

 expenmental proof, i. 314. 



— all from one, i. 48. 



— capitate, of Lathrcea, i. 137. 



— ohlorophyll contiiiuing. of Leucobi-yum 



and Spbaguum, i. 219. 



— development of new, i. 27. 



— epidermal silicified, i. 329. 



— glandular, of Aldrovandia. i. 153. 

 of Cephalotus pitchers, i. 132. 



— many-armed, of mesopbyll, i. 279. 



— permanent, i. 582. 



— pitted, reticulate, i. 194. 



— size of, i. 43. 



— special absorptive, for salt solutions, i. 85. 



— suction, in grasses, &o., 1. 115, 



— transpiring, nature, situation and arrange- 



ment, i. 278. 

 Cell-sap, acidity, i. 511. 



acid reaction, i. 463. 



chief contents, i. 41. 



where secreted, i. 33. 



Cell-tissues, sorts of, i. 586. 

 Cellulares, of De Caudolle. ii. 603. 

 Cellulose, i. 216. 263, 458. 



— changes undergone in walls of epidermal 



cells, i. 309. 



— in starch, i. 460. 



— occurrence and function, i. 573. 



— percentage composition, i. 454. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Cell-union, modes of, i. 585. 

 Cell-wall, adaptability, i. 573. 



and absorption of carbon dioxide, i. 



368. 



canals in, i. 45. 



composition. &c., i. 42, 43. 



demolition of, i. 47. 



part played in ascent of sap, i. 270. 



passages for food-absorption, i. 57. 



polarization, i. 568. 



protoplasm in, i. 581. 



stratification, i. 44. 



striation and structure, i. 569. 



structure and growth, i. 511. 



structure in relation to absorption of 



food-salts, i. 72. 

 Cell-walls, in three dimensions of space, i. 



577. 



in two dimensions of space, i. 577. 



Celtis australis, food of Libythea Celtis, ii. 



488. 

 Celtis occidentalis, asymmetrical leaves, 

 i. 420. 



bud-scales, i. 626. 



reserve-buds, i. 32. 



Cement, of tendril adhesive discs, i. 699. 

 Centaurea, autogamy, ii. 361. 



— decurrent leaves, ii. 336. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 126. 

 Centaurea alpestris and bud-galls of Diastro- 



phus ScabiosEe, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea alpina, protection by ants, ii. 



243. 

 Centaurea Badensis, and bud-galls of Dia- 



strophus Scabiosae, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea Balsamita, capitate hairs, i. 229. 



Persian steppes, varnish-like covering, 



i. 230, 313. 



secretion, i. 237. 



varnish coating of capitate cells, i. 230. 



Centaurea Cyanus, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



hght and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 



scentless, ii. 209. 



Centaurea Graflana. See Centaurea sordida. 



INDEX. 



Centaurea Jacea, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Centaurea montana, florets and autogamy. 



ii. 360. 

 Centaurea napuligera, roots, i. 760. 

 Centaurea Pseudophrygea. catapult-fruits, 

 ii. 841. 



stomatal protective hairs, i. 292. 



Centaurea Ragusina. hairs, i. 321. 

 Centaurea rupestris and C. Scabiosa, hybrid 



of, ii. 562. 

 Centaurea Ruthenica, protection by ants, ii 



243. 

 Centaurea Scabiosa and bud-galls of Dia- 



Btrophus Scabiosie. ii. 543. 

 Centaurea sordida, hybrid, ii. 563. 

 Centaury. See Eiijtkrcea. 

 Centipede, ha utricle of Sarracenia purpurea, 



i. 126. 

 Centipedes, protection against, ii. 445. 

 Central cylinder of root, i. 762. 

 Centranthus. pollen deposition, ii. 277. 

 Centranthus ruber, change of position of 

 anthers and stigmas, ii. 305. 



flower, ii. 240. 



honey protection, ii. 241. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 305. 



Centrifugal inflorescence, i. 377. 

 Centripetal inflorescence, i. 737, 

 Centrolobium robustum, fruit protection, ii 



443. 445. 

 Centrospermae, bracts of, achlamydeous, ii 



750. 

 — families of, ii, 748. 

 Centunculus, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Centunculus minimus, alluring floral tissue, 

 ii. 170. 



autogamy, ii. 332. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



stem, i. 656. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Century Plant. See Agave AmeHcana. 



Cephalanthera, ii. 737. 



-- habitat and foHage, i. 110. 



Cephalaria, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Cephalaria alpina, stigma, ii. 381, 283. 



Cephalon ion-galls, ii. 532. 



Cephalotaxus, protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



Cephalotus, i. 134, 638. 



Cephalotus f ollicularis, leaves heteromorphic, 



shape of traps, &c., i. 131. 

 Ceramium, where thrives best, i. 105. 

 Cerasin, cherry-gum, i. 458. 

 Cerastium arvense, autogamy, ii. 355. 

 Cerastium chlorEefolium, protection of 



pollen, ii. 120. 

 Cerastium lanatum, autogamy, ii, 355. 

 Cerastium longirostre. autogamy, ii. 338. 

 Cerastium macrocarpum, capsule in dry and 

 wet weather, ii. 448. 



mites and flower metamorphosis, ii. 



548. 

 Cerastium triviale, gall-mites and flower 



metamorphosis, ii. 548. 

 Ceratium, ii. 625. 

 Ceratocephalus falcatus, hooked fruit, ii. 



873. 

 Ceratodactylis, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Ceratonia Siliqua, ii, 552. 



fruit, ii 535. 



Ceratonion, term applied to horn-like gall, ii. 



532. 

 Ceratophyllum, as lime accumulators, i. 260. 



— embryo, ii. 450. 



— food-absorption, i. 765. 



— sub-aqueous, no roots, i. 76. 

 Ceratopogon, in Aristolocbia Clematitig 



flower, ii. 226- 



— in inflorescence of Arum, ii. 164. 

 Ceratopteris. protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Ceratopteris thalictroides, frond-buds, ii, 39. 

 Ceratozamia, Central America, ii. 720. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Cercis siliquastrum, anthocyaniu in buds, i. 



484. 



leaf-blades, i. 408. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



torsion of leaf-stalkp. i. 418. | 



937 



Cercis sUiquastrum, venation, i. 632. 

 Cereals, positions of leaf -blades, i. 428. 



— reared in artiflcial culture solution, 1 100. 

 CereuB, i. 327. 



— and night visitors, ii. 196, 197. 



— autogamy, ii. 347. 



— climbing roots, i. 754. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— spines, i. 446. 



Cereus dasyacanthus, autogamy, ii. 347. 



whole plant, ii. 787. 



Cereua giganteus, flower and fruit, ii. 787. 



Cereus grandiflorus, opening and closing, ii. 

 212. 



ovary, ii. 77. 



ovules, ii. 77. 



size of flowers, U. 185. 



Cereus nycticalus, arrangement of perianth- 

 leaves, i. 641. 



climbing roots, i. 702. 



opening and closing, ii. 212. 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Cerinthe, autogamy, ii. 379. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 275. 

 Ceroxylon andiccla, height, i. 712 ; ii. 740. 

 vertical range, ii. 742. 



Cesalpino, Italian botanist; views on struc- 

 tural variation, i. 8. 



— system of classification, ii. GOl. 

 Cestrum, protection of pollen, ii, 118. 

 Cestrum aurantiacum, corolla and autogamy, 



ii. 367. 

 Ceterach, hybrids in, ii. 582. 

 Ceterach officinarum, rolling up of frond, i. 



314. 

 Cetonia, abode in flowers, ii. 163. 



— and aminoid scents, ii. 207. 



Cetraria islandica, a fruticose lichen, it 

 694. 



pycnidia, ii. 693. 



Chserophyllum. geitonogamy, ii. 320, 324. 



— how protected, i. 451. 

 ChaerophyUum aromaticum, fiowers, sorts of, 



ii. 296. 



Chierophyllum bulbosum, germination, i. 622. 



Chferophyllum Cicutaria, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



flowers, sorts of, ii. 296. 



Chserophyllum hirsutum, behaviour of sta- 

 mens, i. 740. 



Chtetocladium, sporangioles, ii, 673. 



Chaetopeltis, thallus, ii. 653. 



Chaetophora, reticular, i. 586. 



— thallus, ii. 652. 



Chaetophoraceae, characteristics, ii. 652. 

 Ohaffweed. See Centunculus minimus. 

 Clialazogamse, of Treub, ii. 616. 

 Chalazoganiic fertilization in Alnus, ii. 413. 

 in Amentaceae, ii. 614. 



in Carpinus, ii. 412. 



in Casuarina, ii. 616. 



ChalcididBB and Ficua, ii. 160. 



Chamaecyparis, winter colour, i. 485. 



Chamfedorea, cotyledoningermination, 1,606. 



Chamseorchis alpina, allurement of insects, 

 ii. 206. 



Chamserops excelsa, fruits, ii. 740. 



Chamaerops humilis, geographical distribu- 

 tion, ii. 74G. 

 height, i. 712. 



Chamomile, Wild. See Matricaria chamo- 

 milla. 



Change of position of anthers and stigmas, 

 ii. 305. 



Chantarellea. See Caniharellus cibarius. 



Cbantransia, epiphytic, i. 161. 



Cbara, a genua of stoneworts, i. 260. 



— embryology, ii. 61. 



— lime incrustation, ii. 660. 



— structure, i. 590. 



Chara ceratophylla, lime accumulator, i. 260. 

 Characrinita, asexual fruit-formation, ii. 467. 



parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 



Chara foetida, iL 660. 



ash constituents, i. 68. 



Chara fragilis, ii. 63. 

 - life-history, ii. 659. 



